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Human Factors Psychology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Three main reasons for human factors engineering.

A

Safety, Performance, Satisfaction

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2
Q

HF Design Process

A

Create Evaluate Understand

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3
Q

Task Design

A

Changing what operators do

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4
Q

Equipment Design

A

Changing equipment people work with

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5
Q

Environmental Design

A

Changing environment where work is done

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6
Q

Training

A

Enhancing knowledge and skills

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7
Q

Selection

A

Picking people suited for the task

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8
Q

Team and organization design

A

Group communication and organizational climate

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9
Q

Systems Thinking

A

Interconnection, adaptation, environment

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10
Q

UI

A

Design of GUI

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11
Q

UX

A

GUI and user interaction with the system

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12
Q

System Design Processes

A

VEE, Plan-Do-Check-Act-Cycle, Scrum

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13
Q

Independent variables

A

Variables being changed

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14
Q

Dependent variables

A

Variables to be studied

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15
Q

Confounding variables

A

Outside influences on results

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16
Q

Within-subject

A

All subjects receive all levels of IV

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17
Q

Between-subject

A

Every level of IV has different subjects

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18
Q

Type I error =

A

False positive

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19
Q

Type II error =

A

False-negative

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20
Q

p-values issues

A

Forces binary thinking, not representative of effect size

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21
Q

p-value alternatives

A

Confidence intervals, effect sizes, Bayestian

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22
Q

Luminance vs brightness

A

Luminance is the intensity of photons, brightness is the perceived amount of light

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23
Q

Fovea

A

The central area of the eye is almost exclusively of cones

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24
Q

Cones

A

Perceive color

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25
Q

Rods

A

Perceive BW and brightness

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26
Q

Ciliary body

A

Muscles that adjust the lens

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27
Q

Order of cones by wavelength

A

S (blue), M (green), L (red)

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28
Q

Top-down processing

A

Experience and knowledge

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29
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

Stimulus from the words

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30
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A

Hit | False Alarm
______|________________
Miss |Correct reject

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31
Q

Ways to improve ROC curve

A

Different discrimination, sensitivity

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32
Q

Affordances

A

Possible interactions between user and object

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33
Q

Gestalt Grouping types

A

Proximity, similarity, continuity, symmetry, area, closure

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34
Q

Common fate

A

Items moving together will be perceived as a unit

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35
Q

Figure ground

A

People perceive items as in the foreground or in the background

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36
Q

Sound envelope

A

Attack, sustain, decay

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37
Q

Timbre

A

Fundamental frequency and multiple harmonics

38
Q

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

A

Middle ear bones

39
Q

Cochlea

A

Made up of organ of corti

40
Q

Organ of corti

A

Lots of little hairs moved by membrane that generate electrical signals

41
Q

Loudness

A

Perception of sound intensity

42
Q

Temporary Threshold Shift

A

Ears temporarily attenuate sounds when in loud environment, takes time to recover

43
Q

Just noticeable difference (Weber’s Law)

A

K= Constant, delta I= Change in intensity, I = Absolute level of intensity

44
Q

Alarm principles

A

Heard over background, avoid excessive intensity, Should not startle, doesn’t disrupt processing of other signals, Is information and not confusing

45
Q

Vestibular System

A

Used for balance

46
Q

Motion sickness

A

Comes from a disconnect between vestibular system and movement

47
Q

Cognitive bandwidth

A

How quickly environment changes

48
Q

Cognitive Familiarity

A

How often and for how long a person has experienced an environment

49
Q

Cognitive knowledge in the world

A

Extent information is indicated by features in the environment

50
Q

Human Information Processing

A

How resources are allocated between sensing, perception, cognition, response

51
Q

SEEV

A

Salience, Effort, Expectancy, Value

52
Q

Perception formula

A

S-Ef+Ex+V

53
Q

WM types

A

Visuospatial sketchpad, Phonological loop, episodic buffer

54
Q

LTM types

A

Semantic/declarative, episodic, procedural

55
Q

Multiple Resource Theory

A

Mind has limited resources for processing. Different modalities can have different levels.

56
Q

Interruption lag

A

Time required from old task until new task

57
Q

Fluency of return

A

Rate that new task full attention is gained

58
Q

System 1

A

Skill based, intuitive, Normative and Descriptive DM, more proficient

59
Q

System 2

A

Knowledge based, analytic, Heuristics and Biases, less proficient

60
Q

Decision making stages

A

Acquire and integrate, interpret and asses, plan and choose, monitor and correct

61
Q

SA

A

Perception of elements in environment, comprehension of meaning, projection of their status in near future

62
Q

Fitts Law

A

Response time predicted by distance between inputs and size of target

63
Q

Automation OOTLUF

A

Poor detection, poor situation, skill lose when using automation

64
Q

Link analysis

A

Study of movement between inputs

65
Q

Joint types

A

Synovial- no tissue between joins
Fibrous- Connecting bones of skull with fibrous tissue
Cartilaginous- Intervertebral discs

66
Q

NIOSH Lifting Equation

A

RWL= LC * HM * VM* DM * AM * FM * CM

LC: Load Constant
HM: Horizontal Multiplier
VM: Vertical Multiplier
DM: Distance Multiplier
AM: Asymmetric Multiplier
FM: Multiplier
CM: Coupling Multiplier

67
Q

Lifting Index

A

> 3 high risk for low back injury

68
Q

Muscle types

A

Smooth, cardiac, skeletal

69
Q

Rechargeable battery energy

A

ATP

70
Q

Lactic acid

A

Generated by anaerobic exercise

71
Q

Conversion ratio of chemical energy

A

20% muscular work
80% heat

72
Q

Blood components

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma

73
Q

Body fatigue over 8 hours if ______% of max aerobic capacity

A

30-40%

74
Q

Stressors

A

Environment, Physiological Arousal, Health, Experience

75
Q

Environmental stressors

A

Motion, temperature, air quality

76
Q

Psychological stressors

A

Cognitive appraisal, level of arousal

77
Q

Affects of overarousal

A

Cognitive tunneling, WM loss, Strategic shifts

78
Q

Workload

A

Time required/time available. Should be < .8

79
Q

Workload measurement

A

Primary task measures, secondary task performance, loading tasks, physiological measures, subjective measures

80
Q

Origin of workman’s comp

A

Triangle shirtwaist factory fire

81
Q

Workman’s comp

A

Provide income and medical benefits, reduce court delays and costs, eliminate lawyer costs and trials/appeals, encourage employer interest in safety, promote study of accident causes

82
Q

OHSA vs NIOSH

A

OSHA pubs industry standards, NIOSH makes recommendations to OSHA

83
Q

Accident predictors

A

Age, gender, experience, stress/fatigue, job characteristics, illumination, noise and vibration, temperature and humidity

84
Q

Unintended erros

A

Slips, lapse

85
Q

Intended errors

A

Knowledge-based mistake, Rule-based mistake, violation

86
Q

Sign considerations

A

Convery seriousness, describe hazard, hazard consequences, behavior to avoid

87
Q

Motivation potential

A

TI: Task identity
SV: Skill variety
TS: Task significant
A: Autonomy
F: Feedback

88
Q

Performance support systems

A

On job training.

89
Q

Cognitive load theory

A

Learner attention divided by Intrinsic load (Workload imposed by task to be learned), Germane Load (Demand for resources necessary to learn task), Extraneous Load (Unrelated demands)

90
Q

Complexity

A

Feedback loops, interconnected subsystems, unexpected interactions

91
Q

Coupling

A

Tight connection between subsystems, something affecting one impacts another

92
Q
A

Human Factors Psychology (6 decks)

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