Final

Question 1

Abnormally fast heart rhythm due to in appropriate electrical activity in the upper portion of the heart, the AV node.

Answer 1

Supraventricular Tachycardia
(SVT)

Question 2

S&S of SVT

Answer 2

• high HR
• ventricles contract >100 beats per minute

Question 3

Rapid, irregular (no discernible rhythm) heart rate. May be asymptomatic.

Answer 3

Atrial Fibrillation
(A Fib)

Question 4

Symptoms of A Fib

Answer 4

• dyspnea
• fatigue
• palpitations
• lightheadedness
• weakness
• chest pain
• hemodynamic shock (hypotension)

Question 5

A Fib Nursing Interventions

Answer 5

• get back into rhythm (defibrillation)
• dyspnea

Question 6

A Fib
Medications to prevent complications

Answer 6

Warfarin (anticoagulants)

Question 7

A Fib
What test monitor the parameters of the medications?

Answer 7

PT/INR
aPTT

Question 8

A Fib
Precautions

Answer 8

Fall

Question 9

A Fib
Worse case scenario?

Answer 9

Hemodynamic Shock (hypotension)

Clots (PE, Stroke, MI)

Question 10

Ventricular Assist Device

Answer 10

Used to treat end-stage heart failure.

Question 11

Nursing Education for HF

Answer 11

Take all medications
Low sodium diet
Fluid restriction
When to call your provider
Daily weights

Question 12

Plaque buildup that causes narrowing of the vessels & limits blood supply to the heart.

Answer 12

Atherosclerosis

Question 13

Atherosclerosis risk factors:

Answer 13

Hyperlipidemia:
- LDL: <100 (bad cholesterol)
-HDL: >60 (good cholesterol)

Question 14

Complete blockage in one or more arteries of the heart.
Plaque ruptures and becomes a blood clot that blocks the arteries of the heart.

Answer 14

MI (Myocardial Infarction)
Heart attack

Question 15

SVT
Treatments

Answer 15

• CCB, BB, anticoagulants
• catheter ablation
• Valsalva maneuver

Question 16

SVT
Medications

Answer 16

CCB (verapamil, nifedipine)
BB (Atenolol, Propranolol)
Anticoagulants

Question 17

When to do Valsalva maneuver?

Answer 17

When the heart rate is accelerated

Question 18

SVT
Interventions

Answer 18

Valsalva maneuver

Question 19

Atherosclerosis
Lifestyle changes for modifiable risk factors

Answer 19

• exercise
• don’t smoke
• don’t drink
• low sodium
• eat less

Question 20

HF
How is it diagnosed?

Answer 20

Echocardiogram

Question 21

Symptoms of Right or Left Side HF
- fatigue
- increased peripheral venous pressure
- ascites
- enlarged liver & spleen
- may be secondary to chronic pulmonary problems
- distended jugular veins
- anorexia & c/o GI distress
- weight gain
- dependent edema

Answer 21

Right

Question 22

Symptoms of Right or Left Side HF
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
- restlessness
- confusion
- orthopnea
- tachycardia
- exertional dyspnea
- fatigue
- cyanosis
- pulmonary congestion

Answer 22

Left

Question 23

S/S of Pulmonary Congestion

Answer 23

• cough
• crackles
• wheezes
• tachypnea
• blood-tinged sputum

Question 24

What happens in Right-Sided HF

Answer 24

right side is weakened and fluid accumulates in the veins and abdominal cavity

Question 25

What happens in Left-Sided HF

Answer 25

left side is weakened and results in reduced ability to pump blood

Question 26

Does right or left sided HF cause Cor Pulmonale?

Answer 26

right

Question 27

Right-Side HF

Answer 27

- right = rest of the body - fluid is backing up into the venous system

Question 28

Left-Sided HF

Answer 28

- left side is lungs - fluid is backing up into the lungs = pulmonary symptoms

Question 29

D R O W N I N G

Answer 29

Dyspnea Rales Orthopnea Weakness Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dyspnea Increased HR Nagging Cough Gaining Weight (2-3 lbs/day)

Question 30

S W E L L I N G

Answer 30

Swelling Weight Gain Edema Large Neck Veins (JVD) Lethargy/Fatigue Irregular HR Nocturia Girth (ascites), (hepatomegaly, splenomegaly)

Question 31

What is High-Output HF

Answer 31

results from an increased metabolic state in which cardiac output remains normal or above normal

Question 32

How does High-Output HF

Answer 32

occurs when a condition causes the heart to work harder to meet the demands of the body

Question 33

S/S of High-Output HF

Answer 33

- elevated cardiac output - fatigue - SOB - fever/infections

Question 34

chest pain caused by an imbalance is coronary oxygen supply & demand

Answer 34

Angina Pectoris

Question 35

results in ischemia and chest pain, however, the episodes are short and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin

Answer 35

Stable Angina

Question 36

chest pain that occurs at rest or with minimal physical exertion

Answer 36

Unstable Angina

Question 37

chest pain that occurs due to coronary artery vasospasms at rest

Answer 37

Variant/Prinzmetal's Angina

Question 38

Angina Treatment

Answer 38

Nitroglycerin: vasodilators - decrease ischemia = decreased pain - usually administered sublingual Propranolol: BB - decreases myocardial oxygen consumption - should not be given to patients with asthma

Question 39

- complete blockage in one or more arteries of the heart - plaque ruptures, becomes a blood clot that blocks arteries of the heart

Answer 39

MI (myocardial infarction)

Question 40

S/S of MI

Answer 40

- SOB - N/V - sweating - pale & dusty skin - radiating pain in chest, jaw, back, shoulder, abdomen - ST-elevations - positive troponins

Question 41

MI in women S/S

Answer 41

- neck, jaw, shoulder, upper back, or upper belly pain - SOB - pain in one or both arms - N/V - sweating - lightheadedness/dizziness - unusual fatigue - heartburn