Final

Question 1

What is the definition of a protist

Answer 1

Eukaryotic organism

Question 2

How are protists classified

Answer 2

Based off of mode of reproduction, method of nutrition, and mobility

Question 3

What are common protists and diseases they cause?

Answer 3

COMMON: algae, amoebas
DISEASES: malaria

Question 4

Plantlike protists must contain ______ to be able to carry out photosynthesis

Answer 4

Chlorplast

Question 5

How do fungus like protists get their energy?

Answer 5

They get their energy from other decaying organisms

Question 6

How are animal like protists classified?

Answer 6

Their movement

Question 7

What is the definition of a hybrid

Answer 7

When 2 closely related species are crossed over
Ex: horse + donkey = mule

Question 8

Who is the father of genetics and what did he discover?

Answer 8

Gregor Mendel
He figured out methods of inheritance

Question 9

What is a punnet square and what does it help determine

Answer 9

A way to find possible genotypes in an offspring

Question 10

What is a diploid

Answer 10

A cell with 2 kinds of each chromosome

Question 11

What is a haploid

Answer 11

A cell with 1 kind of each chromosome

Question 12

What is crossing over and when does it occur?

Answer 12

When homologous chromosomes are so close they exchange genetic material

Question 13

Why is crossing over important to genetic diversity

Answer 13

So that adaptations can occur

Question 14

What happens at the G1 stage in the cell cycle?

Answer 14

The cell grows and centriole replicates

Question 15

What happens at the S stage in the cell cycle?

Answer 15

The DNA is replicated

Question 16

What happens at the G2 stage in the cell cycle?

Answer 16

Nucleolus disappears

Question 17

What are the steps of mitosis

Answer 17

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
PMAT

Question 18

what is cancer

Answer 18

I am cancer

Question 19

Know the structure of a chromosome

Answer 19

X shape with a centromere in the center

Question 20

What is a DNA nucleotide composed of?

Answer 20

Deoxyribose, nitrogen, phosphate

Question 21

What is a RNA nucleotide composed of?

Answer 21

ribose, nitrogen, phosphate

Question 22

What are the differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 22

DNA is a double helix shape while RNA is a single strand

Question 23

After DNA replication, what are the double helixes composed of?

Answer 23

Bases

Question 24

What is the function of mRNA

Answer 24

Instructions to make proteins

Question 25

What is the function of tRNA

Answer 25

Makes the PROTEIN

Question 26

What is the function of rRNA

Answer 26

Links amino acids

Question 27

What happens during the process of transcriptions

Answer 27

mRNA is made

Question 28

What happens during the process of translation?

Answer 28

tRNA is made

Question 29

A valid hypothesis must be

Answer 29

Testable

Question 30

How many variables are tested in a controlled experiment?

Answer 30

1

Question 31

Biology is the study of _______ ______

Answer 31

Living things

Question 32

What are the characteristics of living things?

Answer 32

Organization, growth and development, response, homeostasis, metabolism, reproduction, adaptation

Question 33

A valid hypothesis is an

Answer 33

If…then statement

Question 34

Who is the father of evolution?

Answer 34

Charles Darwin

Question 35

What islands did Darwin explore and gain he majority of his information from

Answer 35

Galápagos Islands

Question 36

What are the main ideas Darwin proposed?

Answer 36

Survival of the fittest and natural selection

Question 37

What was Darwins work titled and why did Darwin wait so long to publish his work?

Answer 37

On the Origin of Species He knew there was going to be lots of controversy, so he wanted to make sure he had enough evidence and data to back himself up

Question 38

What does the term “survival of the fittest” mean?

Answer 38

Good adaptations and help = more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 39

What does the term “natural selection” mean?

Answer 39

People are breeding them, they mate on their own

Question 40

What people influenced Darwin?

Answer 40

James Hutton, Charles Lyell, Lamark, Malthus

Question 41

What physical structures were evidence of evolution to Darwin?

Answer 41

Presence of vestigial organs. Es: human appendix because it no longer serves a purpose

Question 42

What does the term “fitness” mean?

Answer 42

An organisms ability to survive and reproduce in its environment

Question 43

What does vestigial structure mean?

Answer 43

A physical feature or organ in an organism that has lost its original function through the course of of evolution.

Question 44

What does homologous structure mean?

Answer 44

A physical feature or organ in different organisms that have SIMILAR STRUCTURE but DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS Ex: forelimbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats have similar bone structure but very different functions

Question 45

What does analogous structure mean?

Answer 45

A physical feature or organ in different organisms that have SIMILAR FUNCTIONS but DIFFERENT STUCTURES Ex: wings of birds and butterflies. Both have wings for flying but are built very differently

Question 46

Who was Carlous Linnaeus and what was his major contribution to science?

Answer 46

Swedish Zoologist and physician in the 18th century. Considered the father of modern taxonomy. (Science of classifying and naming organisms) MAJOR CONTRIBUTION: developing a binomial nomenclature. (genus and species name)

Question 47

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 47

Genus and species name

Question 48

What is the order of classification starting with Domain —> species

Answer 48

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 49

What is the monomer of protein

Answer 49

Amino acid Building block that join together to form a protein

Question 50

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 50

Monosaccharide Simple sugars that are the basic unit of carbs

Question 51

What is the monomer of nucleic acid

Answer 51

Nucleotide Building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 52

What is the monomer of lipids?

Answer 52

Fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 53

What macromolecule isour main source of energy?

Answer 53

Carbohydrates

Question 54

What are the four types of tissue in the human body?

Answer 54

Nerve, connective, epithelial, and muscle

Question 55

What are the levels of organization starting with cells —> organism

Answer 55

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 56

What is homeostasis and what are two examples?

Answer 56

Ability to keep your body levels equal and balanced Sweating to cool down and shivering to heat up

Question 57

What is the major function and structure of lymphatic system?

Answer 57

Functions: to remove excess fluid and fight against infections Consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs

Question 58

What is the major function and structure of nervous system?

Answer 58

Function: transmitting signals between different parts of the body and coordinating their actions Consists of spinal chords, brain, and a network of nerves

Question 59

What is the major function and structure of circulatory system?

Answer 59

Function: transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste throughout the body. Consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood

Question 60

What is the major function and structure of excretory system?

Answer 60

Function: removes waste from the body and maintains the body’s fluid balance Consists of many organs including kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.

Question 61

What is the major function and structure of reproductive system?

Answer 61

Function: to reproduce offspring

Question 62

What is the major function and structure of respiratory system?

Answer 62

Function: exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment it consists of

Question 63

What is the major function and structure of skeletal system?

Question 64

What is the major function and structure of muscular system?

Question 65

What is the major function and structure of endocrine system?

Question 66

What is the major function and structures of integumentary system?

Question 67

What are the 2 major categories of cells and how do you determine the difference between them?

Answer 67

Prokaryote and eukaryotic No nucleus and nucleus

Question 68

What are the 3 shapes that bacteria are classified?

Answer 68

Cocci (round), bacilli (rod-shaped), spirilla (spiral shaped).

Question 69

/

Question 70

?

Question 71

?

Question 72

.

Question 73

.