Final

Question 1

Objective

Answer 1

• 5 senses
• things that are repeatable
• external process

Question 2

Subjective

Answer 2

• internal process- cannot measure well
• what patient says it is it is

Question 3

Inductive

Answer 3

• pattern recognition and making sense of them
• special case –> general principle

Question 4

Deductive

Answer 4

• making sense of hypothesis- testing theory, theory reasoning
• general principle –> special case

Question 5

Axiology

Answer 5

values

Question 6

Epistemiology

Answer 6

knowledge or knowing (nursing science)

Question 7

Ontology

Answer 7

nature or existence (life phenomena)

Question 8

Bodymindspirit

Answer 8

• holistic
• people as one entity

Question 9

Spirituality

Answer 9

• about loyalty to justice and compassion
• growth through meaningful purpose in life

Question 10

nursing science

Answer 10

a unique body of knowledge about the practice of nursing

Question 11

empirical pattern of knowing

Answer 11

science of nursing

Question 12

personal knowing

Answer 12

• who you are as a person
• knowledge that we bring into our nursing understanding that has been accumulated from experience in our lives to date
• means of interacting with others, body movements, expressions of emotions, values that influence the way we view our nursing practice and interactions

Question 13

ethical knowing

Answer 13

• moral knowledge of nursing
• CNA code of ethics

Question 14

Aesthetics knowing

Answer 14

• art of nursing
• approach to creating relationships with others
• how you, as a unique individual, choose to respond in a patient situation
• empathy
• reflection of your personality and creativity

Question 15

Unknowing

Answer 15

• curiosity
• openness
• respect

Question 16

Synoptic

Answer 16

• integrative
• uniqueness
• courage

Question 17

benefits of metaparadigm

Answer 17

-advances the discipline of nursing

• identifies the relevant phenomena (concepts) which matter to nursing
• fosters “nursing voice”
• promotes a domain of inquiry

Question 18

concepts of metaparadigm

Answer 18

person, health, environment, nursing

Question 19

Person concept in metaparadigm

Answer 19

A system of interacting parts, a system of competing human needs, or an entity with biological, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions

Question 20

Health concept in metaparadigm

Answer 20

More than simply the absence of disease or injury but rather as an ideal state of optimal health or total well-being toward which all individuals could strive

Question 21

environment concept in metaparadigm

Answer 21

May involve the person’s family and social ties, the community, the health care system, geopolitical issues that affect health

Question 22

nursing concept in metaparadigm

Answer 22

nursing actions

Question 23

Criticisms of meta paradigm

Answer 23

• lack of consensus
• not a scientific approach
• lack of caring/relationship
• barrier for disciplinary advancement
• colonial

Question 24

Decolonizing the metaparadigm

Answer 24

• relationships are foundational
• focus on “being” rather than “knowing”
• prevent in-the-box thinking
• incorporate colonialism, globalization, pan-capitalism, and environmental degradation

Question 25

McGill model of nursing

Answer 25

Focus on health rather than illness and treatment, on all family members rather than the patient alone, on family goals rather than on the nurse’s, and on family strengths rather than their deficits

Question 26

Orem’s self-care theory

Answer 26

deficit model- suggests patients are better able to recover when they maintain some independence over their own self-care

Question 27

Critical reflexivity

Answer 27

process of acquiring multiple perspectives to inform your nursing practice

Question 28

Sense-making

Answer 28

cognitive process through which nurses gather, interpret, and derive meaning from complex and ambiguous clinical situations to make informed decisions and provide effective patient care

Question 29

Critical thinking

Answer 29

• allows nurses to test and refine nursing approaches, learn from success and failures, apply nursing research findings, and ensure holistic patient-centred care
• purposeful process that is reflective, consecutive, and goes beyond recognition of an initial thought
• emphasize the use of knowledge and reasoning to make accurate clinical judgements and decisions
• involve not only cognitive skills but also the nurse’s habits/disposition

Question 30

Levels of critical thinking

Answer 30

basic, complex, commitment