final Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
1.
foreign policy
A
the diplomatic policy of a natoin in its interactions with other states
2
Q
goals of foreign policy
A
- protecting our national secuirty
- protect our neighbors and major democatic allies
- protect our economic security
- extend out spehere of influence
3
Q
models of decision making
A
- rational model (realists)
- bureaucratic/organizational model (liberals)
- pluralist models
4
Q
rational model of decision making
A
most important actor is the state, best outcome least cost problems identification, clarify goals, determing policy alternatives, cost-benefit analysis
* problem identification i.e Iran having nuclear weapons
* claridy goals i.e dont allow Iran to have nuclear weapons
* determine policy alternatives i.e use force or talk
5
Q
bureaucratic/organizational model of decision making
A
talk to sub national organizations
* department of defense, treasury, allies, most relevant department/bureau
* relative power or relative organization applicable to the situation makes the decision
6
Q
pluralist models of decision making
A
bargaining=decision
* war on terror, public, interest groups, media, very sensitive groups
* very sensitive issues
7
Q
independent leadership styles
A
- high in nationalism
- high in perception of control
- high in need for power
- low in conceptual complexity (ability to discuss policies with other people)
- high distrust in others
8
Q
participatory leadership styles
A
- low in nationalism
- low in perception of control
- high in need for affiliation
- high in conceptual complexity
- low in distrust of others
9
Q
when elite control policy
A
- political instability (authoritarian)
- few institutional constraints (dictators)
- public disinterest
- ambiguous situation criss (cuban missile crisis)
- nuclear information crisis (cuban missile crisis)
10
Q
international law
A
rules and norms regulation interactions between actors
11
Q
functions of international law
A
- sets expectations
- provides order
- sets the status quo
- protects states from each other
- serves ethical war functions
12
Q
sources of international law
A
treaties, UN, international criminal court system
13
Q
customary international laws
A
how states view each other and their practices
14
Q
shortcomings of customary international laws
A
- can develop slowly
- can become outvoted
- not all states participate
- rejected by nonwestern states
- ambiguity with interpretaton
- european or western countries namely
15
Q
international court of justice, international criminal court
A
- genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes of aggression
- major weakness: doesnt hear many cases, lengthy process, jurisdiction limits
16
Q
human rights
A
entitlement you have for being a human
17
Q
features/aspects of human rights
A
- equal rights, inalienable, universal
- exercise, respect, enjoy, enforcement
- 1945 UN charter, 1948 UDHR
- different values care about different human rights
17
Q
generations of human rights
A
first gen, second gen, third gen
17
Q
first generation human rights
A
- civil and political, pushed by west (individual comes first)
american bill of rights - right to life and property
- negative rights i.e unlawful imprisonment
- 1948 UDHR article 3-21
- international covenant on civil and political rights
17
Q
second generation human rights
A
- social, economic and cultural, communism and marxism
- state has responsibility to provide for the poor
- positive rights i.e the right to food and healthcare
- UDHR articles 22-27
- interdependent with the first generation i.e property + job, right to life + food/healthcare
17
Q
third generation human rights
A
- group rights and rights of solidarity of the vulnerable
- pushed by third world countries i.e the right to self determination
- womens eights, rights of labor –> going to be disagreements
18
Q
domestic difficulties for enforcing human rights globally
A
- culture differences – values
- opposition from domestic groups that benefit from the status quo
- lack of education, knowledge, and rights
- regime type i.e autocracies vs democracies
- lack of insitutions to address violations or enforce them
18
Q
difficulties enforcing human rights internationally
relativism v universalism
A
- debate on which generation of human rights should be prioritized
- principle of soverignty and self-determination
- anarchic international system
- interest of major pwoers
- major power priority
19
Q
3 parts of the responsibility to protect
A
- state responsibility to protect its population
- state failure –> international responsibility for state capacity building
- state inability/unwillingness to protect –> international community responsibility to intervene to protect rights by: diplomatically, coercively (military, last resort)
20
list of civilizations
western
confucian
japanese
islamic
hindu
slavic-orthodox
latin america
africa
21
reasons why all civilizations are likely to clash
* different history, relations between god and man, social relations, concepts of rights, liberties, and equality
* globalization intensifies consciousness
* economic, modernization, social change
* separate people from traditional values
* power of the west
22
2 specific civilizations the west will clash with
islamic and confucian
23
reasons why the west will clash with islamic and confucian civilizations
1. west at peak of power in relation to others
2. U.S. superpower opponent has disappeared
3. west's military power unrivaled (NATO)
4. military conflicts among western states is unthinkable
5. economic power i.e world bank
6. west dominates international politics and security institutions i.e UN security council
7. western interests reflect the "world community" decisions
8. global spread of western culture
9. western concepts differ from other civilizations i.e little resonance in inslam, hindu
10 universalizing western ideas opposed
24
responses from nonwestern civilizations
isolation from the west i.e north korea -- very costly
bandwagon and join the west and accept its values
balance the west i.e economic and military, modernize not westernze
25
elments of terrorism
premeditation
motivation
noncombatant targets
secretiveness
psychological impacts
propaganda by deed
intimidation
provocation
chaos
26
types of terrorism
demonstrative, destructive, suicide
27
demonstration terrorism
do not kill i.e red brigades italy
28
destructive terrorism
do not target civilians, casues damage i.e irish republican armyy
29
suicide terrorism
asymmetrical warfare, inexpensive and effective, less complicated and compromising, media coverage
30
reasons for the use of suicide terrosim
casualties
ready to die
concealed wepons
infiltrate heavily guarded targets
future pain
matyrdom --> reduce moral backlash, heavenly and family rewards
31
external causes of terrorism
colonialism and neocolonialism i.e 1979 Iranian Revolution, u.s 'great satan'
regional conflicts and historical enemies
failed/weak states
foreign cultures and lifestyles i.e globalization
32
why weak states are attractive to terrorists
provide services the government cannot --> gaining people support and recruitment
33
counterterrosim options
unilitaterly
multilaterally
containment
improving defense
diversion
delegitimization
transforming terrorist breeding countries
34
unilitaterly counterterrorism options
efficiency, avoid leakage of plans, going alone
* slows the process
* achieve surprise
* costly
* blames
* lose international support and reputation
* tarnish relationship with the rest of the world
35
multilaterally (NATO) counterterrorism options
share the cost, casualties spread out, lots of people involved
* supported by international community
* maintain reputation
* plans can be obstructed i.e leakages or operation incompetence
36
countainment counterterrorism options
not solving the problem, living with the problems of terrorism and encourage internal divisions
* no military actions
* save resources and money
* maintain reputation
* gain international respect
* maintain allies
* "do nothing" policy
* citizen disapproval
37
improving defense counterterrorism options
* nobody is accusing you of doing something wrong
* cannot always be on the defensive
* nothing really changes
* allowing them to grow
38
diversion counterterrorism options
shift to different target
* save resources
* destroy relationship with other states
39
5 arguments justifying torture
1. ticking time bomb
2. government legitimacy
3. torture as a deterrant
4. loopholes in UN definition
5. price of intelligence
40
ticking time bomb
threat is time sensitive
* ends justify the means maybe??
* they could lie
* might not get info
41
government legitimacy justifying terrorism
only if uncovers important info
* only works in authoritarian regimes
42
torture as a deterrant
wont work on harden criminals
holster support i.e revenge
43
loopholes in UN definition
severe pain and suffering
44
price of intelligence
conventional method can be costly, torture is cheaper
* price on human life
* increases terrorism
* lose global respect; more costyl
45
arguments against torture
more absolutism: do things only when they are right; torture is unethical
* violates human rights
* might not get info
* retaliation
46
U.S. should focus on china
* rising global expectations, growing economically
* unresolved grievances
* largest and strongest undemocratic government
* cyber attacks and nuclear wepons
47
optimistics' interdependence theory of the rise of china
| liberalism
* no won't be aggressive, they respect the status quo
* china will become a democracy
* cause of war: Taiwan
48
pressimists (realists) --> threat
* china is not aggressive because they lack the confidence
* china will not become a democracy because they will be an illiberal democracy i.e russia, iran
