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Psych 235: Intro to Cognitive Neuro > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

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1
Q

types of dopamine receptors

A

D1 like: 2; excite
D2 like 3; inhibit

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2
Q

nigrostriatal path

A

substantial nigra —> striatum (basal ganglia)
parkinsons

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3
Q

norepinephrine receptors

A

A,B
all metabotropic

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4
Q

glutamate receptors

A

ionotropic:
NMDA: Ca+ channel; triggers plasticity
AMPA: Na+ channel; ESPS
also have metabotropic

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5
Q

what disease is associated with Acetylcholine?

A
  • not enough Acetylcholine
  • attention and memory
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6
Q

GABA receptors

A

ionotropic: GABA(A) Cl- channel
metabotropic: GABA(B) activates G proteins

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7
Q

GABA allosteric agonists

A
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Valium, Lorazepam
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8
Q

endogenous epioids receptors

A

delta, mu, kappa

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9
Q

when does optic nerve become optic tract?

A

LGN

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10
Q

what releases vasopressin?

A

pituitary gland

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11
Q

VLPO —->
Lateral hypothalamus —->

A
  • VLPO—> GABA —> ret. form. —> sleep
  • L.H—> orexin —> ret form. —> wake
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12
Q

GLP-1

A

stimulates insulin release
activates POMC

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13
Q

what does leptin do?

A
  • inhibits NPY
  • activates POMC
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14
Q

semaglutide

A

GLP-1 agonist

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15
Q

arcuate nucleus

A

monitors levels of hunger

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16
Q

anomia

A

cant find right word

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17
Q

hippocampus vs cortex in memory

A
  • hippocampus: helps create episodic memory
  • permanent storage across cortex
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18
Q

what connects Brocas and Wenicke’s?

A

arcuate fasiculus

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19
Q

what structure is larger in left than right brain?

A

plantum temporale

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20
Q

noetic attention

A

both inward and outward

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21
Q

Klurer-Bucy Syndrome

A
  • removal of monkey amygdala:
  • reduced fear and aggresion
  • strange food consumption
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22
Q

abulia

A

can’t make decisions because damage to anterioir circulate cortex (ACc)

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23
Q

Yoked control design

A

rat learned helplessness

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24
Q

mPFC

A

activated when we control stressors
can take our expereince and apply later

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25
depression
* subgenual cingulate takes up less glucose * immediate REM, more waking * reduced hippocampus volume * disregulated HPA * cortisol inhibits neurogenesis
26
what area is thought to be involved with neurogenesis?
subranular dentate gyri in hippocampus
27
inferior parietal lobe
* voluntary attention * IPL
28
superior colliculus
initiates motor commands
29
what does shrinking do?
opens channels --> depolarizes
30
non-primary motor cortex
1. supplementary motor area: for preplanned movements 2. premotor cortex: in reaction to external events
31
noise too loud: deprived of input:
loud: damage hair cells deprived: spiral ganglion cells may die
32
cornea vs lens
cornea: fixed transpartentthat retracts (focuses) light lens: flexible to further retract light zoom in/out (blurring of vision)
33
tapetum lucidium
refelctive structure back through retina, giving rods another chance to detect it
34
V5 & disease
visual motion **akinetopsia**: motion blindness
35
posterior parietal lobe & disease
where visual info gets synthesized **hemineglect**- patient unaware of 1/2 of their visual field
36
V4 & disease
visual stimuli processing like color and brightness **achromatopia**: permanent color blindness
37
inferior temporal lobe
recognition of specific stimulus * parahippocampas place area (PPA)- wide establishing shot scenes * fusiform face area (FFA)- facial recognition
38
propagosia
* damage to FFA in inferior temporal lobe * can't recognize faces
39
capgrass syndrome
* injury to ventral stream * significant figures in your life have been replaced with imposters
40
bottom up vs top down
bu: receptor --> cortex td: cortex--> thalamus
41
POA vs lateral hypothalamus
POA- physiological responses to temp lateral hypothalamus- behavioral regulation of temp
42
narcolepsy
decreased orexin neurons
43
sleep paralysis
* dorsal pons * loss of muscle tension during sleep
44
Claustrum Theory of Consciousness
* the integrated nature of consciousness requires a "conductor" to coordinate * Claustrum- subcortical region that interconnects multiple coritcal and subcortical regions of forebrain (K-opioid receptors for hallucinogen salivorin-A saliva)
45
what will make a drug have bigger effect at lower dosages?
* fat soluble * more attracted to receptor site
46
what NT is removed in its entirety from synapse?
acetylcholine by enzymatic degradation
47
what does Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor do?
* opens when acetylcholine binds to it * allows Na+ and Ca2+ into neuron --> depolarization
48
oligodendrocytes
create fatty sheath around axons in CNS
49
Schwann cells
provide fatty sheath for PNS
50
astrocytes
arms contact blood vessels and make up part of the blood brain barrier
51
microglia
defend brain by scavenging for pathogens, damaged cells, and debris
52
agnosia
* acquired deficit in perception * destruction of V1
53
fragmented visual processing
distinct regions are specialized for specific aspects of vision
54
optic chiasm
where axons from both nasal retinas cross midline
55
opsins
what determine wavelength of light to which that cone is sensitive to
56
depolarized vs hyperpolarized photoreceptor
de: release more glutamate --> off-center is on
57
extrapyramidal motor system
* basal ganglia and cerebellum * influence motor cortices via VA/VL
58
phasic vs tonic receptors
* phasic- display adaptation * tonic- response if stimuli is still there
59
NAcc vs Acc
NAcc: motivation Acc: empathy
60

Psych 235: Intro to Cognitive Neuro (5 decks)

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