Final Flashcards
1
Q
An-atman
A
- Buddhism in India
- No self/soul
- A fundamental insight necessary to escape samsara (cycle of life and death)
- Occurs when one realizes their atman is one with the divine
- “Self” is constantly changing, it is a process, not a fixed thing, not permanent
2
Q
Aeneid
A
Century: 30 BCE
- Roman epic poem by Virgil
- Aeneas travels through hell
- Showed first map of underworld w/ landmarks (& that it was an actual place ppl went after death)
- Adopted models from Iliad, Odyssey, Trojan War
- Directly influenced Dante’s Inferno
3
Q
Ancestor Veneration
A
- Phenomenon across many cultures, living ppl continue to interact w/ deceased family through offerings, shrines, actions
- ex: ofrendas, giving paper money, cleaning tombs
- Chinese ghost festival, cinco de mayo
- Assumes continued relationship between living & dead
- Reciprocity: living honor ancestors, ancestors help living
4
Q
Brahman/Atman
A
- Brahman: ultimate reality
- Atman: the self
- When soul escapes samsara, they realize universal and individual soul are one in the same (self-realization)
- Atman is part of brahman
5
Q
Cryogenics
A
- Preservation of corpses/brains at low temperatures
- Conserves until future tech may be capable of reviving
- Creates need to revise physiological criteria for death
- Brain death = point of no return (changes this)
- Moral Argument: wrong to discontinue care of unconscious person who can still be rescued
6
Q
Curse Tablet
A
- Roman Empire
- Living asked dead to do their dirty work by writing on tablets, punish people they were upset with
- Implied dead can cross into world of living, boundary btwn life and death is permeable
7
Q
Day of Judgment
A
- Islamic & Christian Religion
- Day following resurrection of God
- Good and bad deeds of individuals are weighed
- Comes to humanity suddenly, is a complete secret to motivate ppl to behave properly all the time
- Shows what Muslims/Christians believed occurred in afterlife
- Justice after death
8
Q
“Death of Socrates” (1787)
A
- Painting of Greek philosopher Socrates’ final moments as he spoke to his disciples
- Specific symbols emphasize influence of Socrates’ ideas
- Hand hovering over Hemlock (willingness to die for his beliefs)
- Plato sits at end even though he was not actually there (image is from Plato’s mind?)
9
Q
Ernest Becker
A
- Author of “The Denial of Death”
- We have God’s eye view of universe yet are still mortal
- Need to repress & rechanel fear of death to continue living
- Create immortality projects to keep our legacy alive & invest in something
- Death motivates every aspect of life, we try to distract from it
10
Q
Geryon
A
- Dante’s Inferno, Canto #17
- Monster who embodies Fraud
- Honest man’s face, but serpent body with scorpion tail, wings
- Draws in ppl and stings when least expected
- Half in water, half out, distorting true nature
- Virgil & Dante ride on his back to get from 7th circle to Malebolge, 8th circle
11
Q
Ghost Festival
A
- China
- 15th day of 7th month, lasts through month
- Realms of underworld & living open to each other
- Fall on same day as many events (full moon, new season, fall harvest)
- People make offerings, paper versions of items, burn incense
- Some activities are taboo
12
Q
Gospels
A
- 50-150 CE
- Tales of Jesus’s life
- By John, Mark, Matthew, Luke
- Narratives of his life, teaching, death, and resurrection
13
Q
“Guernica”
A
- 1937
- Oil Painting by Picasso
- Titled after German bombing of Guernica, Spain
- Completed in 3 weeks
- Anti-war depecting devastating effects of bombing
14
Q
Humbaba
A
- Epic of Gilgamesh (1800 BCE)
- Mythical creature in Cedar Forest
- Gilgamesh kills him against Enkidu’s advice
- Humbaba curses them, they will not grow old together
15
Q
Hungry Ghost
A
- Realm in Chinese & Buddhist cultures
- ppl who were greedy & spiteful in life end up
- suffer with insatiable hunger
- large stomachs, tiny mouths
- food turns to hot coal when it touches their mouths
- Buddhism: ppl reborn as hungry ghosts based on karma
- China: realm in hell for greedy ppl
16
Q
Ishmael
A
- Son of Abraham (God’s prophet, chosen to establish covenant)
- Mother is maidservant, Hagar
- Other son of Abraham is Isaac, ancestor of Christians/Jews
- Sarah treats them badly, Hagar & Ishmael run away
- Ancestor of Muslims
- Blessed to make a great nation by angel delivering God’s word
17
Q
Jorge Manrique
A
- Spanish soldier & poet, Castilian nobility of late Middle ages
- Military & humanistic education
- made courtly love poetry “Cancionero”
- Knights w/ no obligation in life spent time falling in love, writing poetry
- Francesca & Paolo committed affair
- Brevity of time, moves quickly when with loved ones
- Everyone is equal in front of death
18
Q
Karma
A
- Law of cause & effect in Hinduism
- present actions drive future experiences
- Each choice plants seeds for future reincarnation
19
Q
Katha Upanisad
A
Century: 450-500 BCE
- Part of Upanishads, secret religious texts of India
- Disciple & teacher have conversation, teacher imparts secret knowledge to free one from samsara
- Nachiketas fights with parents, goes to Underworld, Yama is gone, gets 3 wishes, parents aren’t mad, teach ritual, what happens after death. Yama asks for different wish.
- Can choose to benefit yourself in the moment, or do what is right (karma), good VS gratifying
- Thinking this is the only life leads you to Yama
- Universe is divine, we are one with divine, one with God
- Movement through samsara is driven by karma
20
Q
Ofrenda
A
- Mexican tradition, Dia de los muertos
- Altar built to honor deceased ancestors
- Pictures & offerings placed
- Help remember, learn about, celebrate lives
- Acknowledges that souls live beyond body of deceased (in world for dead)
- Living can still communicate with dead
21
Q
“Tat Tvam Asi”
A
- Hinduism
- “You are that”
- Relationship between individual and absolute
- You are one with divine
- Self-knowledge is realization of original identity with God
