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final Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the largest ball court of Mesoamerica found?

A

Chichen Itza

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2
Q

What are the 3 major language groups of Mesoamerica?

A

Zoquean, Mixean, Western Oto-Manguean

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3
Q

What is a key reason why scholars want to stop calling the Americas the “New World”?

A

Because many First Peoples believe they were always there

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4
Q

What do mountains generally mean religiously?

A

being close to heaven and gods

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5
Q

Agriculture allows for the growth of political economy vs subsistence economy because of WHAT reason?

A

The existence of item surplus and luxury goods

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6
Q

What were the Tarascan Empire’s key resources?

A

cotton, maize, beans, fish, copper, obsidian, gold

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7
Q

Where was the oldest Mesoamerican ballcourt found?

A

Paso de la Amado

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8
Q

Which of the following were considered prestige goods in Mesoamerica?

A

cacao, obsidian, jade, turquoise

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9
Q

Where was the earliest example of weaving found?

A

Oaxaca maybe

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10
Q

What was the significance of spinning and weaving in the lives of women in Mesoamerica?

A

it was specialized labor, and was economically critical (not just housework)

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11
Q

What are characteristics of a state level society?

A

born and live in violence, rigid hierarchies, complex division of labor

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12
Q

What is transculturation?

A

when a society changes because of the influence of new cultural traditions and beliefs

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13
Q

What is the purpose of endo-cannibalism?

A

eating one’s loved ones to show affection

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14
Q

The Spanish visitor to Mesoamerica thought to have been one of the first anthropologists is:

A

Fray Bernardino

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15
Q

A person who was an example of transculturation was:

A

Guerrero

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16
Q

In the Mesoamerican ball game, which of the following body parts could you NOT use?

A

hands, feet

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17
Q

What did the Laws of Burgos of 1512 in Spain state?

A

No beating or whipping an Indian

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18
Q

Which was the deadliest weapon the Spanish brought while invading the native population?

A

disease (smallpox)

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19
Q

This material can be used to make spear points and knives and the best quality of it comes from Pachuca.

A

Obsidian

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20
Q

What culture does the Central Mexican site Chalcatzingo bear features of?

A

Olmec

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21
Q

What had become the most important city in the Tarascan Empire by the fifteenth century?

A

Tzintzuntzan

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22
Q

The Late Classic urban center of Kaminaljuyu lies under what modern city?

A

Guatemala

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23
Q

This Late Formative site in West Mexico has shaft tombs that contained instruments made from femurs:

A

Chupicuaro

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24
Q

Tres Zapotes had what feature present?

A

stone monuments with calendrics

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25
How did the wars between the Aztec Empire and Tarascan Empire affect trade between them?
Trade was not affected
26
What was the city of Tula made out of?
adobe walls and mud-mortared stone
27
Tollan most closely translates to:
place of reeds
28
Why might Teotihuacan have been burned in 550/650 CE?
because of disease
29
The Chicimecs relied on what method of subsistence?
hunting
30
What are examples of the 4 networks of Postclassic Mesoamerica?
bulk goods, prestige goods, political/military, and information
31
Which of the following groups allied itself with the Spaniards?
Tlaxcala
32
Which of the following were key resources of the Tarascan Empire?
metals (gold, silver, copper, bronze)
33
Where was the pottery with a lustrous gray surface, called Plumbate, produced?
Pacific coast at Takalik Abaj, also at Tula and Chichen itza
34
What was the broader meaning associated with the term “Toltec”?
civilized
35
What are Coyotlatelco Ceramics characterized by?
buff-colored vessels with red designs
36
Which of the following is an example of Toltec Style in architecture?
statues and reliefs
37
Which of the following periods is associated with the Olmec culture?
Formative Period
38
An architectural feature unique to Post-Classics West Mexico is:
yacata, chacmools, shaft tombs
39
What natural disaster was often the cause of migration of peoples in Mesoamerica?
volcanic eruptions
40
Where are circular mounds located?
Cuicuilco
41
Tlajinga 33 is an excavation of a compound of __________.
Teotihuacan
42
Which of the following was the largest site in highland Guatemala?
Kaminalijuyu
43
When comparing the health of New World and Old World city residents based on skeletal samples from Tlajinga 33, it was discovered that:
some skulls immigrated from other places
44
According to R. Storey, who in the Maya had signs of malnutrition?
children
45
Native legend says that the Pyramid of the Magician at Uxmal was built by what kind of creature?
a dwarf
46
Chichén Itzá is known as a "Fusion Site” for having evidence of the coexistence of what two distinct cultures?
Toltec and Maya
47
What was a ‘star war’ as discussed in class?
Military campaigns that were timed to trajectory patterns of Venus
48
Which people were called the ‘peaceful time worshipers’?
Maya
49
What was among the initial ideas for the origin of the Maya?
Maybe Pheonicians, lost tribes of Israel, or Atlanteans
50
Which of the following was the largest Maya city?
Chichen Itza or Tikal
51
A city has a population of 7,500 and a population density of 200 people per sq km. What type of city is it?
Micro-urban
52
What was about the population of the ancient city of Mayapan?
15,000-17,000 people
53
What purpose did sacred cenotes serve?
The water filled sinkholes served as places for sacrifices and offerings
54
According to Sylvanus Morley, what were the Maya considered?
the "Greeks of the New World"
55
How many collapses were there before THE Maya collapse?
3
56
What was the main cultural loss during the Maya Collapse?
type of rulership and way symbolized on buildings, monuments, and other arts during Classic Period
57
According to R. Storey, who in the Maya had signs of malnutrition?
both commoners and elites
58
The Maya Long Count calendar was significant because it:
Was an absolute dating system, and it provides a greater understanding of the cosmos and deities who decide human fate
59
Which of the following did NOT experience a dramatic drop in population during the Maya collapse?
Peten Lakes, Northern Belize, Mayapan
60
What Maya site likely was founded by an outsider from Teotihuacan around CE 426?
Copan
61
The Maya buried their dead:
Underneath homes and in funerary shrines
62
The event referred to as the Maya Collapse has evoked many theories, but most likely the Maya decline of the last classic period is attributable to:
ecological and economic causes--draught?
63
Which city was Calakmul’s nemesis?
Tikal
64
What made the Mayan writing system unique and different from other Mesoamerican civilizations writing systems?
It can be read at over 85%, and each glyph represented an entire word
65
Although there are two different models of the Maya collapse, ecological and non-ecological, it is now agreed that:
neither is 100% correct--it's a mix of both
66
It took the Spaniards until ________ to conquer the last Maya.
1697
67
What is one of the main problems with the theory that an uprising of the lower classes was the cause of the Maya collapse?
doesn't explain the massive population loss, and there's no evidence
68
How many units did Aztec priests divide the day into?
9; 4 day, 5 night
69
What best describes the social status of quauhpipiltin in Aztec society?
Commoner warriors who distinguished themselves with outstanding military or civil service
70
After modern excavations by Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, where was revealed to be the location of the Templo Mayor?
Tenochtitlan
71
Arguably, the two most important deities to post-Classic Aztecs, especially in Tenochtitlan, were:
Tlaloc the rain god, Quetzalcoatl, and Huitzilopochtli
72
The Nahuatl word “alteptl” is most often translated as:
Hill water, or water mountain
73
According to Prof. Storey, what urban innovation “made the Aztec Empire”?
chinampas
74
Young Aztec men without military service could not:
marry, cut hair, or gain status/respect
75
A nickname for the Aztec empire talked about in this class was;
Mexica or Tenochca
76
The term Aztec means;
People from Aztlan
77
Which were weapons the Aztecs commonly used?
bows and slings, spears, and macuahuitl
78
What was the name of Nahua woman who became interpreter for Cortés?
Dona Marina
79
Who was the 10-year-old who became the 3rd emperor of the Aztecs?
Chimalpopoca
80
What type of empire was the Aztec empire?
swiss cheese empire
81
If you were one-rabbited in Aztec society, especially during the 1450s, this meant that:
famine
82
What item was a common medium of exchange in the Aztec empire?
cacao seeds, textiles
83
One of the reasons for conducting a Flower War was:
Establish dominance and obtain prisoners for human sacrifice, get experience for military
84
Children in Aztec culture were:
Taught calendrics, rhetoric, pierced ears, to fight, weave, and be punished
85
After an Aztec sacrificial victim had his heart removed, it was:
thrown down the temple stairs
86
In 1519, the city of Tenochtitlan
was entered by Cortes and Spaniards
87
What is a calpulli?
Clans or units that made up the organization of Aztec society
88
What living beings did the Aztecs sacrifice?
humans and quails
89
What were the macehualtin in Aztec society?
the commoner social class
90
Which Greco-Roman goddess is Xochiquetzal compared to?
Venus/ Aphrodite
91
Aztec military order imagery primarily includes which two animals?
eagles and jaguars
92
How much yield can one hectare of land produce through the use of chinampas?
3000 kg maize?
93
How could an Aztec commoner achieve a quasi-noble status?
Bravery in war, or studying to be a priest
94
The Aztecs believed that offerings of ______ were necessary in order to repay the gods and keep the world going.
blood
95
What did the Aztecs believe was the form of returning sacrificial victims?
hummingbirds and butterflies
96
A Tzompantli is:
a skull rack
97
Who is known as the “philosopher-king” of Nahua speakers and was possibly opposed to the polytheistic sacrificial complex of the Mexica?
Nezahualcoyotl

Ancient Mexico (1 decks)

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