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US History > Final 150 Part one > Flashcards

Final 150 Part one Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

To acquire new land and spread Christianity

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

The joint stock company that established Jamestown

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3
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

The colony of the pilgrims

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4
Q

Jamestown

A

Town founded by the Virginia Company through a gained charter. This town was saved by tobacco.

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5
Q

John Smith

A

Governor of Jamestown who forced settlers to work and explore, but left and Jamestown suffered.

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6
Q

Pocahontas

A

Part of the Powhatan tribe and is best known for saving John Smith’s life

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7
Q

John Rolfe

A

Learned how to grow a type of tobacco and so,d the first crop in England in 1614. He married the daughter of Chief Powhatan, Pocahontas

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8
Q

Tobacco

A

The crop that saved Jamestown

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9
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Led by Nathaniel Bacon “The greatest rebel that was ever in Virginia” (called that by Berkley). This rebellion showed that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast.

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

The people that came from England to America in search of religious freedom on the ship called the Mayflower in 1620 in September

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

The ship that the Pilgrims sailed in on their journey to America

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

First governing document of the Plymouth Colony that was written by the males on the ship.

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

Led the Pilgrims for over 30 years. Most famous for writing the book “Of Plymouth Plantation” that described the lives of the colonists from 1621-1646

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

Part of the Wampanoag Indian tribe, they helped the Pilgrims in the first spring and taught them how to grow corn, beans, and squash and showed them where to hunt and fish

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Protestants who wanted to reform the church. Religiously intolerant

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

A colony formed by the Puritans in 1629 based on the Bible. John Winthrop was the group’s governor

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

Both taken to trail over disagreeing with Puritans and were kicked out of Massachusetts. They formed Rhode Island

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

A series of hearings and prosecutions of people who were accused of witchcraft in Salem, MA. Many who were falsely accused were killed.

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20
Q

William Penn

A

Founded the colony of Pennsylvania. He was a Quaker who wrote their constitution

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21
Q

Quakers

A

Religiously tolerant people who believe everyone has an inner light to lead you to salvation (also pacifists)

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

People who refuse to fight in wars or use force

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

Georgia

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

A religious revival that swept through the colonies. The belief grows that to God, we are all equal

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25
Triangular Trade
A system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American Colonies
26
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
Albany Plan of Union - Called for one general government for the thirteen colonies. Designed to help the colonies defend themselves from the French, but failed. Join or Die Cartoon - first political cartoon in America by Ben Franklin Poor Richards Almanack - Ben Franklin was so inspired by the Enlightenment that he wrote this, a collection of witty sayings such as "a penny saved is a penny earned"
27
John Peter Zenger Trial
In 1732, publisher JPZ accused the governor of New York of corruption in the New York Weekly Journal and was thrown in jail.In court, Zenger was found not guilty and this helped lead to the freedom of the press
28
Cause of French and Indian War
Control over the Ohio River valley fur trade
29
Proclamation of 1763
Britain signed this document which halted westward expansion by settlers west of the Appalachian mountains to comfort the Native Americans
30
The Sugar Act
Act that allowed British officers to seize goods from smugglers without going to court (contradicts British law innocent until proven guilty)
31
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies
32
The Boston Massacre
March 5, 1770 : fight that breaks out between townspeople and British soldiers. (After one British soldier gets knocked down, another fires upon the crowd. And the disperses. There were five people killed) it was successfully used as propaganda
33
The Boston Tea Party
Midnight December 16, 1773 - a group of colonists led by the Sons of Liberty. They board an EITC ship and destroy the tea by throwing it in the harbor
34
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
These acts closed Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for. (Britain tried to isolate Boston, but other colonies sent supplies to show their support for Boston)
35
Patrick Henry
Said "I'm not a Virginian, but an American" and persuaded the House of Burgesses to take action against the Stamp Act and is the most anti - British political action for the colonists. He was a famous activist
36
John Hancock
Well known protest leader, first person to sign the DOI
37
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
January 1776 - Thomas Paine published the pamphlet called Common Sense which called for the colonies to complete independence from Britain
38
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
A secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation against Britain. Founded by Samuel Adams
39
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
July 4, 1776, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson, explains why the colonists wanted to form a new nation and the preamble states that the government exists by the consent of the government
40
Cause of American Revolutionary War
Unfair taxation against the colonies
41
Loyalists
Colonists who stayed loyal to Britain and was against the revolution
42
Patriots
American colonists who were for the revolution
43
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Lexington : the Minutemen fired the shot heard round the world Concord : //////
44
Battle of Saratoga
1777- the turning point of the Revolutionary War. After Saratoga, France and Spain became allies of the colonists
45
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffering without decent food, clothing, or shelter for Washington and his troops
46
Battle of Yorktown
The last major battle of the AR. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay were sent to Paris to work out a peace treaty to end the war. (Treaty of Paris 1783)
47
Benedict Arnold
Hero of the Battle of Saratoga. During this battle, he was shot in the leg which ends his combat career for awhile. He did not get a promotion from the Continental Army, so his wife arranged to get him a higher ranking in the British Military
48
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
General George Washington
49
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed that the future of America had a great influence on the future of mankind
50
Friedrich von Steuben
Credited with teaching the Continental Army the essentials of military drill and discipline
51
Francis Marion
A successful Patriot leader. Nicknamed "Swamp Fox" because he operated out of swamps in South Carolina. (He was so quick and smart that a British General mumbled that even the devil couldn't catch Marion)
52
guerrilla warfare
Hit and run war tactics
53
Treaty of Paris 1783
Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War
54
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands North of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi River. It included a bill of rights for the settlers and was the first attempt in US history to stop the spread of slavery
55
Articles of Confederation
In November 1777 - America's first constitution was adopted (AoC). The government could not raise taxes. Each state had one vote in congress. The government could not obtain an army. Not strong enough to handle all of the problems of the country
56
Shays’ Rebellion
Uprising of MA farmers to fight the government's taxes. Revealed the need for a stronger central government. (4 people were killed by local militia)
57
The Great Compromise
Established the model for Congress used to this day
58
The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed southern states to count stages as 3/5 of one free person for representation. Allowed southern states to gain more delegates in the House of Representatives.
59
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison, 1789, keeps the branches from gaining too much power, outlined jobs and powers of government
60
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments to the Constitution, created to limit the power of the government and protect the rights of the individuals
61
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition to the government
62
2nd Amendment
Rights for citizens to bear arms and for states to be a militia
63
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
64
5th Amendment
Natural rights cannot be deprived without due process of law (means that the fed govt must follow the rules of law in the process of arresting indicting, trying, sentencing, convicting and incarcerating a person)
65
6th Amendment
Right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury
66
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Executive - carries out laws. President = chief executive. Legislative - law making branch. Congress : Senate and House of Reps. Judicial - interprets laws and declares laws unconstitutional Keeps one branch from getting too powerful
67
Whiskey Rebellion
Civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
68
Alexander Hamilton
Head of the Federalist Party and Department of Treasury
69
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien - allowed president to deport aliens Sedition - a crime to speak or write false criticisms to weaken the government (contradicts 1st amendment)
70
John Sevier
1st Governor of TN
71
Marbury v Madison
Landmark court case that established judicial review (time ran out in Adams' presidency so, Marbury didn't get his appointment through) (Marbury blames James Madison)
72
Judicial review
Means the court can nullify actions of other branches
73
McCulloch v Maryland
Supreme Court case over state's rights. (MD imposed a tax over the branch of the Second Bank of the US. Marshall ruled that Maryland was MD had no right to tax the bank)
74
Natchez Trace
An important route for trade between MA and Nashville (allowed farmers to get back to TN after selling their crops down the MS River)

US History (13 decks)

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