Final 150 Part Two Flashcards
(70 cards)
1
Q
Election of 1800
A
- John Adams vs Thomas Jefferson
- Two candidates had 73 electoral votes Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
- Election was decided by the House of Representatives
2
Q
Louisiana Purchase
A
- France sells the territory for $15 million
- Doubled the size of US
- 1803 with 3rd president Thomas Jefferson
- Group of federalists threatened to secede from the union
3
Q
Lewis and Clark Expedition
A
- Were sent out to explore Louisiana territory and find resources in 1804-1806
- Sacagawea talked to chiefs to tell them it was a peaceful mission
- Followed Missouri River
- Sparked a sense of adventure
4
Q
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
A
Impressment
-British impressed thousands of native US citizens
-Act forcing Americans to serve in British Navy
Attack on Chesapeake
-US ships was intercepted by British vessel demanding to search for dissenters , Captain refuses then British commander attacks
5
Q
War Hawks from the War of 1812
A
War of 1812
-Impressment of soldiers and attack on the Chesapeake are causes of war and Treaty of Ghent ended the war ,signed Dec. 24
Henry Clay
-War Hawk,
Created a program called “The American System”
John C. Calhoun
-War Hawk, chief supporter of state sovereignty,
6
Q
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
A
DC Burning
-British forces were able to march into Washington DC and burned the Capitol, president’s mansion, library of congress
Fort McHenry
-British attacked fort at the entrance at Baltimore Harbor
Battle of New Orleans
-January 8, 1815 took place after treaty was signed
-Decisive victory for US
-Helped the US gain respect around the world build a strong national identity (nationalism)
7
Q
The Star Spangled Banner
A
After Fort McHenry bombardment Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the song
8
Q
Monroe Doctrine
A
- Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization
- Was put in place due to many Latin American nations gaining independence from Spain
- Became an important part of American Foreign Policy instantly
9
Q
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
A
1860s largest group of immigrants were from Ireland do to terrible potato famine
10
Q
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
A
- Seneca Falls Convention was the first women rights convention in Seneca Falls New York and led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth fought for women’s suffrage and Susan B Anthony wanted equal pay, college training, and coeducation
- 1920 19th amendment was made for women’s suffrage
11
Q
Industrial Revolution
A
Change from an agrarian society to one based on industry
In America the industrial revolution movement began in New England
12
Q
Capitalism
A
- Economic system of the US
- Capitalism- individuals put their capital into a business in the hopes of making a profit
- Capital- money used for investment
13
Q
Free Enterprise System
A
- Free enterprise/free market system-people are free to buy, sell, and produce what they want and can work where they wish
- Price/cost is set by supply and demand in free enterprise system
14
Q
Supply and Demand
A
Prices/cost is set by supply and demand in an enterprise system
15
Q
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
A
- Invented in 1793
- Interchangeable parts allowed complete products to be made using identical machine parts
- Made gathering cotton easier and is important because it increased slavery and growth of industry
16
Q
Urban vs Rural
A
Urban-City
Rural-Country
17
Q
Wilderness Road
A
- Route in Kentucky from the Atlantic coast (1775)
- Aided the early exploration of Tennessee because it made passing through the mountains easier and open the door for new settlement
18
Q
Daniel Boone
A
- Daniel Boone and 30 skilled foresters blazed a trail that became the wilderness road
- This made him a long hunter, and American wilderness explorer for at least 6 months at a time
19
Q
Cumberland Gap
A
In the mountains allowed for a path to be created that may passing through the Appalachian Mountains easier
20
Q
The Corrupt Bargain
A
- The speaker of the house, Henry Clay, meets with Adams and agrees to use his influence to help Adams get the vote in the House of Representatives
- John Quincy Adams wins the election of 1824
- After corrupt bargain the Democratic Republican Party splits up
21
Q
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
A
- Andrew Jackson wins the election of 1824 against John Quincy Adams ,wins by a landslide
- Nickname old Hickory because he was tough as a hickory stick, $20 bill, lived in Nashville popularity with common man change politics in Washington DC
- Spoils system is the practice of replacing government employees with the winning candidate supporters
- Tried to kill the bank by withdrawing all federal funds from the national bank and placing them in smaller state banks
22
Q
Indian Removal Act
A
- Act passed by Congress in order to relocate Native Americans in 1830, Indian territory was modern-day Oklahoma
- The Cherokee did not comply with the Indian removal act
23
Q
Trail of Tears
A
- Relocation and movement of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma
- In 1838 General Winfield Scott and an army of 7000 federal troops came to remove the Cherokee from their homes
- Seminole people were the only native American group to successfully resist removal
24
Q
Sequoyah
A
-Sequoia is known for creating the written Cherokee language, alphabet
25
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
- Ninth president
- Battle of Tippecanoe before War of 1812 (Tippecanoe and Tyler too)
- Gave inauguration speak that lasted over two hours
- Died of pneumonia shortly afterwards shortest presidency 32 days
26
Manifest Destiny
-Believe that America should extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific ocean
27
Texas Rebellion
-
28
The Alamo – battle significance
- Santa Anna's Mexico VS Travis' Texans
- Defenders of the Alamo bought the Texans more needed time
- Texas declares independence on March 2, 1836 ,Sam Houston becomes commander in chief of the Texas forces
29
Davy Crockett
-Backwoodsman from Tennessee who volunteered to fight at the Alamo
30
Oregon Trail
-The Oregon Trail was used by sellers migrating to Pacific Northwest
31
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
- 11th president
- "Young Hickory"
- Firm believer in manifest destiny
- Determined to gain New Mexico and California because of trade
32
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
Mexican War
-April 24, 1846 Mexican troops attacked Zachary Taylor
- Mexico lost half of its territory
Border Disputes
-US believes the Texas border is the Rio Grande River and Mexico believe the border is the Nueces River
-Cause of the Mexican American war
Mexican Cession
-Ceded California and New Mexico and in return the US gave them $15 million
33
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
John Sutter
-Obtained land in California
-1st to discover gold nugget on his property
-Gold seekers destroyed his property
California Gold Rush
-More than doubled the world supply of gold
-Levi Strauss sold miners sturdy pants made by denim
-End it in a few years but had a long lasting effects on California's economy
34
Brigham Young
-Brigham Young lead the Migration to Utah to the Great Salt Lake area of Utah
35
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
- Help to preserve the balance between North and South
| - Was made to have Maine enter as a free state and Missouri entered as a slave state (1820)
36
John Brown
Violent abolitionist that believed God had chosen him to end slavery
37
Harriet Tubman
-The most famous conductor for Underground Railroad
38
Underground Railroad
-A network of escape routes out of the south for enslaved people
39
Frederick Douglass
- Most well-known African-American abolitionist and worked hard to become a powerful speaker with wit and wisdom
- Escaped slavery in 1838
- Anti-slavery newspaper called the "North Star"
- Believed that the injustice of slavery destroyed America's ideals of freedom
- In 1847 friends helped him purchase his freedom from his original slaveholder
40
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
-Novel that explored the issue of slavery
41
Fugitive Slave Act
- Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves in 1850 ,anyone who aided a fugitive slave could be fined or imprisoned
- The enforcement of this act caused more anger in the north
42
Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Increased amount of territory open to slaveholding in the US
- Kansas and Nebraska were North of the line set in Missouri compromise
43
Sumner-Brooks Incident
- Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts lashed out against those for slavery including Andrew P Butler from South Carolina
- Butler's cousin Representative Preston Brooks walked into the Senate chamber and hit Sumner with a cane
44
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
- Lead 18 man on a raid to attack a weapon storage facility in Harpers Ferry, VA
- He hoped to start a rebellion against slaveholders but he and his men were quickly defeated by federal troops and local citizens
- Executed for treason in and his death became a rallying point for abolitionist
45
Dred Scott v Sandford
- "A slave VS his owner"
- The Dred Scott case divided the nation even more
- 11 years later the case went to the Supreme Court and Chief Justice Roger B. Taney said Scott was still a slave
- His decision basically stated that the Constitution protected slavery
46
Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech
-Senate race in Illinois that became the center of national attention
-Representative, Abraham Lincoln VS Democrat, Stephen A Douglas
-Main topic was slavery
Lincoln
-Didn't like slavery
Douglas
-Little giant
-Disliked slavery but didn't think it was important enough to abolish it
47
Election of 1860
- Lincoln becomes 16th president
- More populous North outvoted the South
- Lincoln promised not to disturb slavery where it already existed, but many in the South did not trust him
48
Causes of the Civil War
- South did not trust Lincoln
- Many states seceded
- Attack on Fort Sumter
49
Fort Sumter
- Confederate guns opened fire on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861
- Fort Sumter attack marked the beginning of the civil war
50
Ulysses S. Grant
-He and 40,000 troops are headed to an important railroad junction in Mississippi there was a church named Shiloh near their resting point in South West Tennessee
51
Robert E. Lee
- Lead commander of the confederate side
- Opposed to slavery but still fought on the confederate side because he was a proud Virginian that would not fight against his own state
52
Stonewall Jackson
-Considered one of the most famous gifted tactical commanders in US history
53
First Battle of Bull Run
- First major battle of the civil war, fought near town of Manassas Junction and a small river named Bull Run
- 30,000 Union troops led by General Irvin McDowell attacked a confederate forces led by General PGT Beauregard
- Confederate troops became inspired by reinforcements led by General Thomas Jackson
- Confederates let out a loud and strange scream a rebel yell that terrified the northern soldiers and caused them to drop their weapons and retreat
- The Confederates were to disorganize and we can to pursue the fight
54
Anaconda Plan
Union war plan to defeat the south by dividing them into two
55
54th Massachusetts
-Most well known African American regiment
56
The Battle of Gettysburg
- Union forces are greatly outnumbered and are forced to retreat
- After 2 years of unsuccessful assaults Lee plans a attack that he hoped would create a panic and destroy the army
- Lead by General George Pickett a dis remembered as Pickett's charge
57
The Battle of Vicksburg
-Turning point of the Civil War
58
Sherman’s March to the Sea
- General William Tecumseh Sherman led the western army towards Atlanta
- After burning Atlanta Sherman's army began their historic "march to the sea" towards Savanna, Georgia
59
Lee Surrendering to Grant
- April 9, 1865 Lee surrendered to Grant in as all Virginia village called Appomattox Court House
- The terms of surrender was very forgiving
60
13th Amendment
Abolish slavery in 1865
61
14th Amendment
-Gave full citizenship to anyone born in US including African-American's in 1866
62
15th Amendment
-Gave African-American men the right to vote in 1870
63
Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death
```
-April 14, 1865 Lincoln and his wife attended the play "Our American Cousin"
Place
-Ford's Theater
Murderer
-John Wilkes Booth
Place of death
-Petersen House
```
64
10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction
10 Percent Plan
-Forgiving of the South
Radical Republican Plan
-Wanted harsher readmission process
65
Freedman’s Bureau
Agency that helped African-Americans make the transition to freedom
66
Segregation
-Separation of the races
67
Jim Crow Laws
- Laws that required African-American's and whites to be separated in almost every public place
- Laws were upheld in court case Plessy VS Ferguson, the court said segregation was illegal as long as it was separated and equal
68
Klu Klux Klan
-Largest anti-African American terrorist organization in the South
69
Number one crop in the South
Cotton
70
Bleeding Kansas
-First territory to shade blood in a Civil War over slavery
