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meteorology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Gas that accounts for 21% (dry wt.) of the atmosphere in this room

A

Oxygen O2

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2
Q

Gas that makes up about 0.04% of the air in this room

A

Carbon Dioxide CO2

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3
Q

What are the greenhouse gases?

A

CO2, H2O, CH4, O3, N2O

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4
Q

Which gases are not greenhouse gases? (2)

A

Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2)

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5
Q

Upper atmospheric zone normally characterized by a decrease in temperature as altitude increases

A

Thermosphere

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6
Q

In which level of atmosphere does most weather occur?

A

Troposphere

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7
Q

The south pole will have 12 hours of night on ___.

A

September 22

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8
Q

The day of the year in which the sun will reach its highest noontime altitude at Beaumont is ___.

A

June 21

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9
Q

The day of the year with the least hours of solar energy at 30 degrees S latitude is ___.

A

June 21

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10
Q

Day of year with the MOST hours of solar energy at 30 degrees S latitude is __.

A

June 21

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11
Q

Day of the year in which the sun will reach its LOWEST noontime altitude at Beaumont is __.

A

December 22

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12
Q

Air with a temp at or below the dew point has an RH of __ %

A

100%

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13
Q

Which wavelengths are best described by O2 in the troposphere on a clear day

A

UV

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14
Q

Which wavelengths are greatly absorbed by H2O

A

InfraRed

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15
Q

Warm air rising in the form of thermals is an example of

A

Convection

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16
Q

Based on this semester’s recorded weekly world wide temps, which region has been the hottest place on earth

A

Death Valley, CA

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17
Q

The bottom of the homosphere is also the bottom of

A

troposphere

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18
Q

What a0ltitude corresponds with an atmospheric pressure of 1/2 of the sea level in the atmosphere

A

18,000 ft.

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19
Q

Recently the chair of the IPCC equated the planet’s climate change situation as being 5 ___ before midnight.

A

minutes

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20
Q

Which latitude did not get any direct sunlight between March 21 and September 21?

A

90 degrees south (South Pole)

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21
Q

Which atmospheric wave lengths are most important in warming our atmosphere

A

Infra Red

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22
Q

Raining, 50,000 ft. tall hurricane cloud towers are called ___ clouds.

A

Cumulonimbus

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23
Q

A gram of 25 degree Celcius water must lose __ calories to cool down to 20 degrees celcius.

A

5

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24
Q

The evaporation of a gram of 30 degree Celcius gulf of mexico water into the atmosphere requires about ___ calories of solar energy.

A

800

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25
Q

A 1 gram cube of ice at 0 degrees celcius requires ___ calories for it to melt into liquid water at 0 degrees celcius

A

80

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26
Q

Winter time southeast texas fog which forms as warm gulf of mexico air crosses cool coastal waters is called __ fog.

A

advection

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27
Q

Low level clouds are opaque primarily because in addition to humid air, they are mostly concentrated, light as air ___

A

liquid water droplets

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28
Q

Which clouds are usually made of ice crystals?

A

Cirrus

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29
Q

Which gas is generated and emitted through the process of respiration

A

H2O

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30
Q

273 K = __ C

A

0

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31
Q

When air in the uppermost atmosphere is heated it is primarily from

A

solar radiation

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32
Q

On August 22, 2/3 of summer had passed with one moth left until Fall, the sun reached a noon time altitude of 90 degrees (straight overhead) at approximately what latitude?

A

8 degrees North

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33
Q

in what state is oxygen usually found in the heterosphere?

A

O

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34
Q

On February 21 (2/3 winter will have passed with one month left until spring), the sun will reach a noon time altitude of 90 degrees (straight overhead) at approximately what latitude?

A

0 degrees (equator)

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35
Q

Which gas accounts for about 1% of the atmosphere>

A

Argon

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36
Q

Which gas concentration has significantly increased because of burning fossil fuels

A

CO2

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37
Q

Which gas makes up about 78% of the air in this room

A

N2

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38
Q

Which gas is a good absorber of UV radiation?

A

O2

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39
Q

On September 8, 1900, the storm surge near Galveston Island came from ___

A

bay and the gulf

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40
Q

Boyles Law shows that if the pressure on 1 liter of air is increased to 2x the original pressure, its volume will become __ L.

A

0.5 L

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41
Q

Charles’ law shows that the warmer air becomes (K units), it’s volume in cc’s will __.

A

Increase at the same rate.

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42
Q

Trade winds off the Peruvian coast are __ during La Nina.

A

Unusually Strong

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43
Q

Compared to average years during El Nino, the number of named tropical storms in the North Atlantic usually __.

A

Decreases

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44
Q

Prevailing surface winds between 0-30 degrees latitude are called

A

Trades

45
Q

On a global scale, prevailing surface winds between 30-60 degrees North (our US lats)generally blow from the

A

SouthWest

46
Q

In North Atlantic Ocean the zone from 30-35 degrees North is known as the __ latitudes

A

Horse

47
Q

On a global scale, temperate rain forest climates are generally associated with __ degrees North latitudes.

A

60 degrees north latitude

48
Q

Upper tropospheric winds in the 0-30 degree cell blow from __ latitutdes to ___ latitudes

A

low; higher

49
Q

Air rising at 0 degrees helps to maintain __ on lands near the equator

A

rain forests

50
Q

Polar jet streams primarily blow in the ___

A

Upper troposphere

51
Q

Which is a katabatic wind>

A

Santa Anna

52
Q

Air usually starts to move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure because of __ force

A

Pressure Gradient

53
Q

One atmosphere at sea level averages __ mb.

A

1013

54
Q

The winds at Sea Rim State Park which tend to reverse 180 degrees daily are known as

A

Sea Breezes

55
Q

The warm and dry winds which flow down the eastern front of the Rocky Mountains are __

A

Chinooks

56
Q

One name for the giant dust storms that impact the middle east and arizona is __

A

haboobs

57
Q

In the original 1700s Hadley Cell, descending air occurred at __ degrees latitude

A

90

58
Q

On a global scale, desert climates are generally associated with __ degrees N & S latitudes

A

30

59
Q

Because of global wind circulation patterns, the surface currents in the north atlantic ocean between 0 and 60 degrees generally flow in a __ pattern

A

clock-wise

60
Q

Compared to warm fronts, COLD FRONTS are usually ___

A

faster moving

61
Q

Day long drizzling rain is primarily associated with the approach of ___

A

warm fronts

62
Q

Forests may add large amounts of water vapor to the atmosphere via

A

transpiration

63
Q

The wet adiabatic rate cools at about __ degrees C/km of altitude rise

A

5-9

64
Q

If the adiabatic cooling rate for an air mass is 9 degrees C/km and the environmental rate is 6 dC/km, the air mass will display __ characteristics

A

stable

65
Q

As orographically lifted air rises it __.

A

expands and cools

66
Q

Which is an air mass lifting agent?

A

Convergence

67
Q

Which of the ingredients are involved in cloud droplet formation

A

water vapor, rising air, adiabatic cooling, salt dust

68
Q

The formation of rain drops from warm clouds often starts with the collision of __

A

Cloud droplets

69
Q

The Bergeron method of raindrop formation involves the capture of water molecules from super-cooled cloud droplets on nuclei of __

A

ice crystals

70
Q

The formation of Cyclones in the Indian Ocean will not occur until surface water temperatures there are __dF or greater

A

80

71
Q

cP air masses are __ and __

A

cool and dry

72
Q

mT air masses are __ and __

A

warm and humid

73
Q

cT air masses are __ and __

A

warm and dry

74
Q

mE air masses are __ and __

A

ultra warm and ultra-humid

75
Q

as cP air behind a cold front passing thru SE texas lifts the in-place mT air, we may expect ___

A

Thunderstorms, lightning, strong rain, localized flooding

76
Q

mT air generally blows from the ___ as a cold front approaches se. Texas from the northwest

A

Southwest

77
Q

The solar warming in the Southern hemisphere since the september equinox has resulted in global low temperatures in Antarctica ranging as high as __ dF

A

-56

78
Q

Which gas is most effective Greenhouse gas in our atmosphere

A

water vapor (H20)

79
Q

Along with the US, which political region releases most of the worlds greenhouse gases?

A

China

80
Q

It is estimated that one CFC molecule in the stratosphere may destroy 100,000 ___ molecules

A

ozone

81
Q

When the destroying CFC molecule in the question above loses an atom of ___ in the stratosphere, that ‘‘free agent’ atom most likely will begin to destroy O3 molecules

A

Cl (Chlorine)

82
Q

In which level does ‘bad ozone’ occur

A

troposphere

83
Q

Spring time wave cyclones, squall-line thunderstorms, hurricanes, Alberta clipper cold fronts are all Texas storms that may produce __.

A

tornadoes

84
Q

With the exception of Ike and Katrina, average hurricane storm surge height rises about__ ft with each increasing cat level from 1-5

A

4

85
Q

Based on historic records, what are the approximate chances a hurricane or tropical storm will reach landfall somewhere between Freeport and High Island in the 2014 hurricane season

A

1 in 8

86
Q

Cape Verde hurricanes which often form in North Atlantic midway between north america and africa usually originate as low pressure systems in the __ region

A

Sahel

87
Q

Southern hemisphere cyclone winds blow in a __ pattern

A

Clockwise

88
Q

The new category EF5 tornado has winds greater than __ mph

A

200

89
Q

The deadliest hurricane to hit texas was __ hurricane

A

The 1900 hurricane

90
Q

Hurricane Andrew had wind speeds of a ___ at landfall near Miami

A

Cat 5

91
Q

The strongest tropical storm on record is __

A

Typhoon Haiyan

92
Q

A good example of non-point source air pollution is __

A

a rice field

93
Q

The world’s population is about __ times greater than when the Industrial Revolution began 200 years ago

A

7

94
Q

During the past 600,000 years, Earth’s climate has ___ significantly

A

cooled and warmed

95
Q

The best example of a point source of air pollution in the Golden Triangle is __

A

a refinery flare

96
Q

Air pollution may be unusually high when __ persists

A

warm air over lying cold air

97
Q

An example of a primary pollutant is __

A

NOx

98
Q

An example of a secondary pollutant is __

A

HNO3

99
Q

Coal burning electric power plants are considerred to be a cause of acid precipitation mainly because most coal contains significant amounts of __

A

Sulfur

100
Q

A major primary pollutant released by burning coal changes to a secondary pollutant in the atmosphere when it becomes __

A

H2SO4

101
Q

Last week in addition to a tropical storm in the Northwest Pacific, another one formed in the __ ocean

A

North Indian

102
Q

US vehicles account for about __% of our air pollution

A

50

103
Q

Ozone levels in the golden triangle since the early 1970s have __

A

decreased significantly

104
Q

One of the main primary pollutants which cause ground level ozone to form in the golden triangle is __

A

NOx

105
Q

Another group of primary pollutants which when exposed to ultraviolet radiation may cause formation of ozone in beaumonts air is __

A

VOCs

106
Q

Which by-products of gasoline combustion do not react with water to form atmospheric acids

A

H2O

107
Q

In general, between 1970 and 2013 air pollution emissions decreased in the US because of ___.

A

Federal Legislation, State legislation, new technology, pubic concern

108
Q

This month the earth’s hottest spots occured in __

A

Australia

meteorology (2 decks)

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