Final

Question 1

Active process wherein at least two individuals who understand the same mode of communication interact and take tuens in exhanging messages

Answer 1

Communication

Question 2

In communication one individual acts as the ___________ (person creating and expressing the message) and one acts as the ___________ ( person decoding and comprehending the message) These roles can be switched as communicaiton continues

Answer 2

sender

Receiver

Question 3

This is a means for telling stories, asking questions, expressing oneself, conveying feelings, or sharing ideas

Answer 3

Communication

Question 4

Process of sharing information between individuals

Answer 4

Communication

Question 5

conventional set of coded symbols that when manipulated garner meaning or ideas

Answer 5

Language

Question 6

coded symbols that are governed by specific rules that are learned and socially shared among a community

Answer 6

Language

Question 7

A complex, dynamic, and rule-based system of conventional symbols used in diverse modalities for thought and communication

Answer 7

Language

Question 8

verbal way of expressing language

Answer 8

Speech

Question 9

expression of thoughts in spoken words- oral and verbal communication

Answer 9

Speech

Question 10

Study of how sound are put together to form words and other linguistic units

Answer 10

Phonology

Question 11

the study of how the articulators make individual sounds

Answer 11

Articulatory Phonetics

Question 12

The study of the relationship between articulation and the acoustic signal of speech

Answer 12

Acoustic Phonetics

Question 13

The study of how phonetic decisions are made from the acoustic signal

Answer 13

Speech Perception

Question 14

Units of sound connected to the decisions about meaning; Individual sounds that make up language

Answer 14

Phoneme

Question 15

Sound system of language including rules that govern its spoken form. Analyzes sound units within a language

Answer 15

Phonology

Question 16

Smallest unit of a word with meaning

Answer 16

Morpheme

Question 17

Studies structure of words and how words are built out of pieces

Answer 17

Morphology

Question 18

Organizational rules denoting word, phrase, and clause order

Answer 18

Syntax

Question 19

Meaning of words, phrases, and sentences

Answer 19

Semantics

Question 20

Language used to communicate within various situational contexts

Answer 20

Pragmatics

Question 21

the impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts including verbal, nonverbal, and graphic symbol systems

Answer 21

Communication Disorder

Question 22

used to indicate oral, verbal communication that is so deviant from the norm that it is noticeable or interferes with communication

Answer 22

Speech Disorder

Question 23

Impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems. May involve one of more of the following areas: phonology, morphology, syntax, semantic, and pragmatics

Answer 23

Language Disorder

Question 24

What are the organs and subsystems involved in speech production:

Answer 24

Respiratory system, larynx, velopharynx, tongue, lips, jaw

Question 25

houses lungs, airway, rib cage, diaphragm; provides basic air supply for generating sound

Answer 25

Respiratory System

Question 26

made up of different cartilages and muscles; creates the voiced speech sounds via vibration in the vocal folds; allows air to pass from the lungs to the vocal tract necessary for voiceless sounds

Answer 26

Larynx

Question 27

Contains soft palate/velum and structures associated with velopharyngeal port; joins or seperates the oral and nasal cavities in order to allow air to pass through either oral cavity, nasal cavity, or both simulataneously

Answer 27

Velopharynx

Question 28

Mainly made up of a multitude of muscles; principle articulator of the oral cavity; ability to assume the position of various shapes and positions during vowel and consonant articulation

Answer 28

Tongue

Question 29

The different parts of the tongue are:

Answer 29

tip, blade, dorsum, root, body

Question 30

one of the most visible structures of the articulators; assist with production of vowel and consonants

Answer 30

Lips

Question 31

second most visible structure of the articulators; massive bony structure that supports soft tissue of both lips and tongue; aids the lip and tongue movements and provides skeletal support for these organs

Answer 31

Jaw

Question 32

These two things work together to provide two major airflow types to the upper airway (vocal tract)

Answer 32

Respiratory System & Larynx

Question 33

Series of pulses of air made by action in the vibrating vocal folds

Answer 33

Voiced

Question 34

Continuous flow of air that is used to produce noise energy in the vocal tract

Answer 34

Voiceless

Question 35

As the ___________ pushes air into the airway for speech, the ________ regulates the airflow from the lunges to create voice and voiceless segments

Answer 35

Respiratory system | Larynx

Question 36

Upper airway/vocal tract that tracels from larynx to mouth or nose is the site where ____________ occurs

Answer 36

speech articulation

Question 37

The articulators are known as:

Answer 37

Tongues, lips, jaw

Question 38

______ are related to vowels

Answer 38

diphthongs

Question 39

these are produced with an open vocal tract and can be characterized by either rounded/unrounded, tense/lax, and by tongue position

Answer 39

Vowels

Question 40

vocal tract above larynx is open so easy to initiate voicing

Answer 40

Sonorant

Question 41

sounds produced only with manipulation and vocalic shape /i/ and /u/

Answer 41

Vocalic

Question 42

produced midsagittal with constriction of vocal tract

Answer 42

Consonantal

Question 43

Usually produced with open oral cavity and no harsh constrictions

Answer 43

Vowels

Question 44

Produced with complete or partially constricted vocal tract

Answer 44

Consonants

Question 45

Describe by degree or type of closure and by location at which the complete or partial closure occurs

Answer 45

Place, Manner, Voicing

Question 46

two different structuress working togeher to create localized contriction of vocal tract

Answer 46

Place

Question 47

refers to degree or type of closure

Answer 47

Manner

Question 48

radical or marked constriction in the midsagittal region of vocal tract- distringuished true consonants from vowels and glides

Answer 48

Consonantal

Question 49

sounds do not have a radical or marked constriction of the vocal tract and are associated with spontaneous voicing, Voiced vowels and liquid, glides, nasal consonants, and obstruents

Answer 49

Vocalic

Question 50

have vocal configurtion that permits spontaneous voicing which means that the airstream can pass virtually unimpeded through the oral or nasal cavity. Distinguishes vowels, glides, nasal consonants, and lateral and rhotacized consonants from stops, fricatives, and affricates

Answer 50

Sonorant

Question 51

fricatives and affricates produced with intense noise

Answer 51

Strident

Question 52

characteristics of speech that involve larger units such as syllables, words, phrases, or sentences

Answer 52

Suprasegmentals

Question 53

degree of effort or prominence, varies within dialect, location, and chosen production for meaning in a word

Answer 53

Stress

Question 54

vocal pitch of an utterance and frequency from syllable to syllable and the emotional state of speaker

Answer 54

Intonation

Question 55

sound intensity and vocal effort

Answer 55

Loudness

Question 56

Average pitch of speakers voice

Answer 56

Pitch Level

Question 57

words per second, syllables per second, phonemes per second

Answer 57

Speaking Rate

Question 58

combination of intonation, pausing, and other suprasegmentals to mark special distinctions

Answer 58

Juncture

Question 59

vowels are susceptible to articulatory change as speaking rate increases or stress decreases

Answer 59

Vowel reduction

Question 60

used when trying to be intelligible

Answer 60

Clear Speech

Question 61

modified and/or reduced, stops eliminated, rapid and lose distinctiveness

Answer 61

Conversational Speech

Question 62

influence of one sound on another; articulation of one sound is influenced by preceding or following sound

Answer 62

Coarticulation

Question 63

most commonly used; overt and observable behaviors; focuses more on outward behaviors that are observable

Answer 63

Traditional/Behaviorist Model

Question 64

observes environmental conditions and predicts the outcome of verbal behaviors as a result; operant or instrumental condition to focus on controlling acts and change consequences that occur as a result of acts

Answer 64

Traditional/ Behaviorist Model

Question 65

Child presented a sound or word and when produced they receive positive reinforcement

Answer 65

Traditional/ Behaviorist Model

Question 66

governed by innate or natural mechanisms

Answer 66

Linguistic Models

Question 67

focuses on sound structure of human language. Incorporates semantic and syntactical aspects of language and concepts; phonological rules map underlying representation onto surface pronunciations and phonological descriptions depend on information from other linguistic levels

Answer 67

Generative Phonology

Question 68

basis of phonological processes and its approach to treatment and speech sound disords

Answer 68

Natural Phonology

Question 69

universal across language and frequently used by children; rules that are systematically applied to speech production until children learn to suppress them

Answer 69

Natural Phonology

Question 70

collection of theories that addresses hierarchical nature of the relationships between phonological unites; involves more than just production of set phonemes, takes into account many elements both in relation to and independent of one another

Answer 70

Nonlinear phonology

Question 71

developed to describe adult langauges; basic units are constraints, which are assumed to be universal to all languages

Answer 71

Optimality theory

Question 72

refers to relative loudness of a sound relative to other sounds with the same pitch, stress, and length

Answer 72

Sonority hypothesis

Question 73

provides the potential for the explanation of children's phonology; draws on the fields of psychology and linguistics; describes distinction between underlying representations of words and their productions

Answer 73

Psycholinguistic Model

Question 74

Seven main areas of SLP practice are informed by a comprehensive understanding of speech sound acquistion

Answer 74

-referrel, assessment, analysis, diagnosis, selecting intervention targets, intervention, dismissal/ discharge

Question 75

What are the phases of speech sound acquisition

Answer 75

1: laying the foundations for speech 2: transitioning from words to speech 3: the growth from words to speech 4: mastery of speech and literacy

Question 76

What are some influences on speech sound acquistion?

Answer 76

gender, SES, language development, individual variability

Question 77

Prelinguistic Stages:

Answer 77

1: Reflexive Crying & Vegetative Sounds 2: Cooing and Laughter 3: Vocal Play 4: Cannonical Babbling 5: Jargon

Question 78

similiar stings of cononant-vowel production

Answer 78

Reduplicated Babbling

Question 79

variation in both consonant vowels from syllable to syllable

Answer 79

Variegated/ non-reduplicated babbling

Question 80

Begins the moment 1st word is spoken

Answer 80

Linguistic Stages

Question 81

difficulties with the motor production aspects of speech, or an inability to produce certain speech sounds

Answer 81

Articulation Disorder

Question 82

Atypical productions of speehc sounds are characterized by phonological process. List some examples:

Answer 82

substiutions, omissions, additions, distortions

Question 83

impaired comprehension of the sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations

Answer 83

Phonological Disorders

Question 84

ability to reflect on and manipulate the structure of an utternance as distinct from its meaning; affect perception of auditory cues

Answer 84

Phonological Awareness

Question 85

Acquisition of Phonological awareness occurs in three stages:

Answer 85

Awarness of: - syllables and words - onset and rimes - phonemes