Final

Question 1

Moral Objectivism

Answer 1

The view that there are moral facts about what is is morally right and wrong

Question 2

Moral Relativism

Answer 2

The view that there are no moral facts

Question 3

Moral Subjectivism

Answer 3

The view that moral judgements are true or false relative to an individual’s moral standards

Question 4

Cultural Moral Relativism

Answer 4

Relative to a particular culture

Question 5

Utilitarianism

Answer 5

Judges actions to be morally right to the extent that they maximize happiness

Question 6

Greatest Happiness Principle

Answer 6

Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness

Question 7

Consequentialism

Answer 7

Actions are to be judged right or wrong solely on the basis of their consequence

Question 8

Hedonism

Answer 8

In assessing the consequences of a particular action, the only thing that matters is the amount of pleasure

Question 9

Egalitarianism

Answer 9

Every person’s happiness counts the same regardless of their status in society

Question 10

What are the 3 challenges to Utilitarianism

Answer 10

1. Problem of Omniscience
2. Problem of Rights
3. Problem of Injustice

Question 11

Problem of Omniscience

Answer 11

Seems to demand that we be able to predict the future when deciding a moral question

Question 12

Problem of Rights

Answer 12

Doesn’t protect people’s rights that might protect them from being used

Question 13

Problem of Injustice

Answer 13

Utilitarianism doesn’t require that happiness be equally distributed between all equal parties

Question 14

Problem of Injustice example

Answer 14

Slaves exploited in US Antebellum South

Question 15

Kantian Ethics

Answer 15

Focuses on the concept of moral duty

Question 16

Formal name for Kantanian Ethics

Answer 16

Deontology

Question 17

Maxim

Answer 17

General principle or rule

Question 18

Good Will

Answer 18

A human will that acts out of respect for moral duty or out of a sense of moral duty

Question 19

Hypothetical Imperative

Answer 19

If one wants to x, then one should y
Example: if you want to play the piano well, you should practice everyday

Question 20

Categorical Imperative

Answer 20

Moral laws everyone should follow no matter what you feel or what the circumstances are

Question 21

Types of Categorical Imperative

Answer 21

1. Universal Law
2. Formula of Humanity

Question 22

Universal Law (Categorical Imperative)

Answer 22

Only act upon a maxim where everyone else should act upon it as well

Question 23

Formula of Humanity (Categorical Imperative)

Answer 23

Shouldn’t use a person as a mere “means” or “tool” to achieve one’s goals

Question 24

Divine Command Theory

Answer 24

The view that an action is morally right if that action is in accordance with god’s will

Question 25

Theistic Natural Law Theory

Answer 25

A God created universe is instilled with God’s purposes and design, so it has a built in moral structure where everything has its own purpose. As humans we can find out these purposes

Question 26

What are the 2 viewpoints of the Meaning of Life

Answer 26

1. Theistic Viewpoint 2. Atheistic Existentialism

Question 27

Theistic Viewpoint (Meaning of Life)

Answer 27

God provides meaning. God gives one a role and a place in the overall plan of creation

Question 28

Atheistic Existentialism (2 Views)

Answer 28

1. Sarte’s View 2. Camu’s View

Question 29

Sarte’s View (Atheistic Existentialism)

Answer 29

Because there is no God to endow humans with a purpose, each person must determine their own meaning and choose their own values.

Question 30

Sarte’s View Quote

Answer 30

“Existence precedes Essence” We don’t start out with a predetermined nature

Question 31

Camu’s View (Atheistic Existentialism)

Answer 31

The Absurd. We know there’s no objective meaning in the universe, but we keep looking for it anyway. This is absurd, but also heroic

Question 32

Beauvoir “The Other”

Answer 32

Women are seen as the “other” sex in relation to men. Women are always compared and seen as inferior

Question 33

Du Bois: Double Consciousness

Answer 33

The experience of seeing yourself from 2 perspectives 1. One’s own 2. And the white majority that sees one as “black” and inferior Black Americans faced this problem

Question 34

Can Film Really Be Philosophy (2 Views)

Answer 34

1. Hanson’s View 2. Russell’s View

Question 35

Hanson’s View (Can Film Really be Philosophy)

Answer 35

Explains film’s unique ability to depict self deception

Question 36

Hanson’s View PART ONE ( 3 Parts) (Can Film really Be Philosophy)

Answer 36

1. It can capture the revealing non verbal conduct of self-deceived characters

Question 37

Hanson’s View PART TWO ( 3 Parts) (Can Film really Be Philosophy)

Answer 37

Whereas people in real life can challenge the interpretations we have of them, film characters can’t. So we can more accurately judge them as “self deceived”.

Question 38

Hanson’s View PART THREE ( 3 Parts) (Can Film really Be Philosophy)

Answer 38

Just a claim about this actual world, film can’t provide valuable “data” to support that claim

Question 39

Lutfiyya

Answer 39

Films as thought experiments (and how they can be flawed): Million Dollar Baby maybe unfair and biased in the depiction of Maggie’s disability

Question 40

Biological Life (Frowe)

Answer 40

One’s biological existence: Simply being “alive” in the medical sense of the term

Question 41

Biographical Life (Frowe)

Answer 41

The sum of the things a person has done-how the have lived their life

Question 42

Frowe: 2 Views on Life

Answer 42

1. Biological Life 2. Biographical Life

Question 43

Beauvoir

Answer 43

“The Other”

Question 44

Du Bois

Answer 44

Double Consciousness (Way to remember it: Think “DD” DuBois Double)