final

Question 1

What is the premise behind the weak Gaia Hypothesis?

Answer 1

There is only some degree of linkage between the earth’s organisms and the environment as a whole

Question 2

What are the premises behind the strong Gaia hypothesis?

Answer 2

Life controls the environment

Question 3

J population curve

Answer 3

huge spike leads to demise of species

Question 4

S curve

Answer 4

steady population growth

Question 5

What is the process called where there is a feedback system from hothouse to smowball and back?

Answer 5

climate change

Question 6

What is the portion of earth that supports life?

Answer 6

the biosphere

Question 7

wind, wave and solar energy

Answer 7

perpetual resources

Question 8

water, animals

Answer 8

renewable resources

Question 9

fossil fuels

Answer 9

non-renewable resources

Question 10

What goods are provided by the natural system?

Answer 10

food, fresh water, bio-chemicals, mineral

Question 11

what services are provided by the natural system?

Answer 11

soil formation, water purification, nutrient cycling, animal habitat

Question 12

what supporting processes are provided by the natural system?

Answer 12

climate control, flood control, disease regulation

Question 13

What is the life long value of each alaskan whale?

Answer 13

$24 million

Question 14

what is pollution?

Answer 14

good chemical in the wrong place at the wrong time
may be physical or biological
have a detrimental impact on the biosphere

Question 15

What are the two types of pollution?

Answer 15

point source and non-point source

Question 16

What is the era of man called?

Answer 16

The Anthropocene

Question 17

What is the world population?

Answer 17

7,118,378,660

Question 18

What is the expected population size in 2025?

Answer 18

8.2 billion

Question 19

What percentage of the world population is in latin america, asia and africa?

Answer 19

82%

Question 20

What fertility rate leads to a stable population?

Answer 20

2.1 children per woman

Question 21

graph for Demographic transition model

Answer 21

high birth and death rates to begin, as you progress through the different stages =>death rates drop before birth rates, population is slowly climbing

Question 22

World population growth

Answer 22

The population of developed regions is expected to remain constant until 2050 while the population of the 49 least developed countries is expected to double in size

Question 23

the ability of a system to survive for a specified finite time

Answer 23

sustainability

Question 24

Which is the most water consumptive?

Answer 24

1 burger>2coffee>3milk>4cheese>5rice

Question 25

Genetically modified crop process

Answer 25

an alien gene is inserted into a commercially viable plant to give it new, beneficial genetic traits

Question 26

IUCN Red list

Answer 26

lists all extinct organisms

Question 27

causes of extinction

Answer 27

developmental changes in land usage removal of forests for agriculture pacific northwest is the most presently habitat degraded

Question 28

flagship species

Answer 28

look good on posters | big eyes, forward facing, preferably furry

Question 29

keystone species

Answer 29

contribute beyond their biomass, trophic role

Question 30

umbrella species

Answer 30

wide ranging, large and diverse habitat

Question 31

The endangered species act of 1973

Answer 31

Provides a program for the conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animals and the habitats in which they are found

Question 32

which agencies protect our oceans?

Answer 32

environmental protection agency national marine fisheries service national marine sanctuary system

Question 33

three methods to aid tuna sustainability

Answer 33

circular hooks minimum catch size (age cohorts) eliminate fish aggregating devices

Question 34

federal public lands are classified as:

Answer 34

multiple use lands moderately restricted use lands restricted use lands

Question 35

IUCN Redlist: Causes of Extinction

Answer 35

``` habitat loss and fragmentation overexploitation invasive species disease pollutants incidental mortality climate change other factors ```

Question 36

climate

Answer 36

long term related as the mean global surface temperatures certainty variable

Question 37

weather

Answer 37

short term related as localized changes in temperature and precipitation dependent on climate

Question 38

last ice age

Answer 38

The pleistocene - 1.8mya - 20,000ya

Question 39

proxy data

Answer 39

biological data that accurately indicated temperature (pollen grains)

Question 40

Impact of El nino Western Pacific

Answer 40

drought | forest fires

Question 41

Impact of el nino eastern pacific

Answer 41

floods | reduced productivity as upwellings stall

Question 42

La nina

Answer 42

The cooling phase of the same temperature oscillation that caused El Nino

Question 43

Impacts of warmer ocean

Answer 43

Sea Level rise tide heights across the world ocean are represented as color contours Impacts vary by region

Question 44

Albedo effect

Answer 44

incoming sunlight reflected off of polar ice helps regulate maintain temp(lower) impact of melting ice caps on sea levels will be negligible. positive feedback system

Question 45

current co2 levels

Answer 45

397 ppm