Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Animal Behavior > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

direct parental care

A

taking care of offspring
ex. care of fertilized eggs, feeding, protecting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

indirect parental care

A

investing in offspring before fertilization
ex. invest in gamete production, prepare natal environment, acquire and defend resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when does parental care evolve?

A

benefits of care (lifetime reproductive success) outweigh costs of providing care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Costs of parental care examples

A
  • increased predation risk
  • reduced foraging time
  • reduced future fecundity
  • reduced opportunities to seek additional mates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Female parental care reasons

A

more likely to provide care due to anisogamy
- more to loose if offspring survive bc they’ve already invested more into producing gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

male reasons for parental care

A

trade-off between parental effort and mating effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

evidence for trade-off between parental effort and mating effort

A

male fairy martins spend less time incubating eggs when there are more mating opportunities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

evidence against male trade off between parental and mating effort

A

male sand gobies fan eggs to oxygenate them and females prefer males that spend more time fanning eggs
- no trade off when females prefer good fathers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Certainty of parentage

A

parents should only invest in care for offspring that are their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

certainty of parentage depends on mode of fertilization

A

internal - low male certainty
external - both male and female have high certainty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Paternity and parental effort example

A

male bluegills less likely to provide parental care to eggs when perceived possibility they might not be the father

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Association with offspring and parental care

A

sex that fails to desert first is the one that cares
- also fertilization dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

parental care and fecundity

A

related to body size
- males: good fecundity even if small
- females: larger = more gametes
- investment in care = time not spent getting resources to grow larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

female only care in mammals

A

predisposed to gestation and lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

egg-feeding in frogs

A

associated w/ breeding in very small nutrient poor pools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Biparental Care
- common in

A

birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Biparental care occurs when

A
  • both parents can provide care
  • care by both is essential for survival
    - low food availability and high metabolic demand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How to make sure you provide for your own offspring?

A
  1. rule of thumb
  2. recognize your offspring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rule of thumb

A

if there is a begging chick in your nest, it must be your chick, you should feed it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Learn to recognize your offspring

A
  • individually distinct communication signals and the ability to learn them
    ex. Cliff swallows
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

should parents reject unrelated young?

A
  • mafia behavior of parasites
  • not easy to discriminate “own” and “other”
  • errors costly and unavoidable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

group selection theory by wynne-edwards

Study These Flashcards
A

selection acts at the level of the group, population, or species

22
Q

what does group selection produce (wynne-edwards)

Study These Flashcards
A

individuals that exercise restraint in reproduction/resource use for good of population

23
Q

criticism of group selection by Williams and Dawkins

Study These Flashcards
A

fitness is relative and genes that increase individual fitness will increase in frequency in population

24
benefits of group living
- improved foraging efficiency - resource defense - help and assistance - more efficient locomotion - reduced predation risk
25
cooperative breeding
non-parents, non-dependent offspring, and unrelated individuals help raise offspring
26
benefits of group living on predation
1. dilution effect 2. selfish herd effect 3. improved detection 4. confusion effects 5. mobbing behavior
27
costs of group living
- increased competition for food - reproductive interference - opportunity costs - increased disease transmission - greater conspicuousness
28
altruism
cooperation benefits the recipient at a cost to the actor
29
reciprocity
one organism provides benefit to another, unrelated individual w/ expectation of future reciprocation - only evolutionarily stable with repeated interactions
30
tit-for-tat may evolve in nature if
- benefit to recipient greater than cost to the actor - opportunity for repayment likely to occur - individuals able to recognize each other
31
kin selection
animals help relatives reproduce at a potential cost to their own reproduction - hinges on inclusive fitness
32
inclusive fitness = direct + indirect
direct - things that maximize own survival and reproduction indirect - things that max survival of non-descendent kin that share genetics
33
coefficient of relatedness
full siblings = 1/2 first cousins = 1/8
34
Hamilton's Rule
genes promoting altruistic behavior will only spread is rB > C r = coefficient of relatedness between actor and recipient B - benefit (extra offspring produced C = cost (offspring not produced)
35
Eusociality
cooperation by individuals other than parents in caring for offspring - usually reproductive division of labor (sterile worker castes)
36
Eusociality and Haploid Sex Determination
R value for full sisters (.75) is greater than mother-offspring (.5) - females incr inclusive fitness by helping mom raise full sisters (indirect)
37
other factors that influence eusociality
- increased r due to high rates of inbreeding - extreme difficulty in establishing new colonies
38
How do animals decide where to live?
where is more resources - frequency dependent - are there competitors
39
Ideal Free Distribution
as population density increases, avg fitness of being in patch decreases - choose best patch first, reach equilibrium where individuals experience same fitness in all patches
40
assumptions of ideal free distribution
ideal - individuals can accurately assess payoffs free - individuals can move with no cost individuals have equal competitive ability fitness decreases as density increases bc of increased competition
41
Conspecific Attraction
cue of habitat quality - males attracted to sound of same species males in wood frogs because that's where the females will be
42
general definition of communication
exchange of info from signaler to receiver in form of signal that passes thru some medium
43
functional definition of communication for signaler
increase chance that receiver chooses and action that is beneficial to the signaler
44
functional definition of communication for the receiver
increase chances of choosing the best action - emphasis on info gathering
45
evidence of some innate quality of song in songbirds
deafened chicks raised in lab still vocalize even if it looks noting like normal song
46
development of birdsong
"sensory phase" - perceptual learning (learn template) "sensory-motor phase" - procedural learning (match template)
47
Neural basis of song
sexual dimorphism in "song nuclei" created by organizational effects, increased by activational effects
48
function of song in male attraction
females prefer good copies of conspecific male songs - size of nuclei correlated with accuracy of song learning - depends on nutrition HONEST INDICATOR OF DEVELOPMENTAL RESISTANCE TO NUTRITIONAL STRESS
49
meme
unit of cultural evolution passed from individual to individual via imitation
50
benefits of pest control using pheremones
- decrease use of more costly pesticides - increase crop yields
51
hypothesis for stereotypic behavior in zoo animals
- natural foraging modes - natural activity levels - natural ranging
52
reducing stereotypic behaviors
- enrichment - increased activity levels - social enrichment (pheromones and natural sounds)
53

Animal Behavior (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions