Final

Question 1

Any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and tax one’s coping abilities

Answer 1

Stress

Question 2

Is the event irrelevant to you, relevant but not threatening, stressful

Answer 2

Primary appraisals of stress

Question 3

Coping resources and options for dealing with stress

Answer 3

Secondary appraisals of stress

Question 4

Type of stress: Pursuit of some goal is thwarted?

Answer 4

Frustration

Question 5

Example of frustration

Answer 5

Traffic jam

Question 6

Type of stress: 2 or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression?

Answer 6

Conflict

Question 7

Choice between 2 attractive goals?

Answer 7

Approach-Approach

Question 8

Choice between 2 unattractive goals?

Answer 8

Avoidance-Avoidance

Question 9

Choice to purse a single goal that has both unattractive and attractive aspects?

Answer 9

Approach-Avoidance

Question 10

Noticeable alterations in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment ?

Answer 10

Life Chances

Question 11

Example of Life changes

Answer 11

Getting married/ divorced

Question 12

Demands that one behave in a certain way?

Answer 12

Pressure

Question 13

Example of pressure

Answer 13

Peer pressure, conform to others expectations

Question 14

Open the mindset and promotes creativity, flexibility in problem solving, undo negative emotions, promotes rewarding social interactions, social support and coping strategies

Answer 14

role of positive emotions in response to stress

Question 15

What are the three levels we use to analyze a person’s reaction to stress ?

Answer 15

Emotional response, Physiological response, Behavioral response

Question 16

Performance should improve with increased emotional arousal up to a point after which further increases in arousal become disruptive and performance deteriorates. As the task becomes more complex the optimal level of arousal tends to decrease.

Answer 16

How stress can alter performance and how task complexity is involved in this.

Question 17

three stages of general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 17

alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion

Question 18

behavioral responses: efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress?

Answer 18

Coping

Question 19

behavioral response: unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt

Answer 19

defensive coping

Question 20

behavioral responses: Healthy efforts that people make to deal with stressful events

Answer 20

Constructive coping

Question 21

behavioral responses: passive behavior by unavoidable aversive events?

Answer 21

Learned helplessness

Question 22

behavioral responses: intended to hurt someone, either physically of verbally

Answer 22

Aggression

Question 23

behavioral responses: the release of emotional tension

Answer 23

Catharsis

Question 24

which psychological disorder are linked to stress

Answer 24

Depression, Schizophrenia, Anxiety disorder

Question 25

Personality types: (self-imposed stress and intense reactions to stress) strong competitive impatient time urgency and anger hostility

Answer 25

Type A personality

Question 26

Personality types: relatively relaxed patient easygoing amicable behavior

Answer 26

Type B personality

Question 27

The immune system can be suppressed by ?

Answer 27

Stress

Question 28

Factors that moderate the impact of stress?

Answer 28

Social support and Optimism

Question 29

positive stress promotes resilience personal growth self-improvement new skills

Answer 29

examples of how stress may have positive effects

Question 30

The two unifying themes highlighted in chapter 13?

Answer 30

Multifactorial causation, subjectivity of experience

Question 31

Distinguishing one illness from another

Answer 31

Diagnosis

Question 32

Causation and development history of illness

Answer 32

Etiology

Question 33

Forecast about the probable course of illness

Answer 33

Prognosis

Question 34

key criteria for abnormality: violate norms

Answer 34

Deviance

Question 35

Key criteria of abnormality: everyday adaptive behavior is impaired

Answer 35

Maladaptive behavior

Question 36

Key criteria of abnormality: individual reports of great distress

Answer 36

Personal distress

Question 37

four main anxiety disorders: Chronic high level anxiety not tied to any threat

Answer 37

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 38

four main anxiety disorders: Persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger

Answer 38

Phobic disorder

Question 39

four main anxiety disorders: recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

Answer 39

Panic disorder

Question 40

four main anxiety disorders: Persistent uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts urges to engage in senseless rituals

Answer 40

OCD

Question 41

development of anxiety disorders: There is a moderate genetic predisposition to anxiety?

Answer 41

Biological

Question 42

development of anxiety disorders: Many anxiety responses may be acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning?

Answer 42

Conditioning

Question 43

development of anxiety disorders: Certain styles of thinking contribute to anxiety disorders for example; misinterpret harmless situations, focus excessively on perceived threats and selectively recall information that seems threatening?

Answer 43

Cognitive

Question 44

development of anxiety disorders: High stress helps precipitate the onset of anxiety

Answer 44

Stress

Question 45

______Disorder: Persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

Answer 45

Depressive disorder

Question 46

______Disorder: experience of both depressed and manic periods

Answer 46

Bipolar disorder

Question 47

development of mood disorders: genetic factors influence the probability od developing either disorder but genetics are stronger for bipolar disorder?

Answer 47

Genetic

Question 48

development of mood disorders: life stress causes neurochemical reactions that suppress neurogenesis resulting in a smaller hippocampal volume?

Answer 48

Neural

Question 49

development of mood disorders: learned helplessness

Answer 49

Cognitive

Question 50

development of mood disorders: poor social skills

Answer 50

social

Question 51

development of mood disorders: personal stress

Answer 51

stress

Question 52

Encompasses a class of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and deterioration of adaptive behavior?

Answer 52

Schizophrenia

Question 53

symptoms: false beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality?

Answer 53

Delusions

Question 54

symptoms: everyday behavior impaired?

Answer 54

Deterioration

Question 55

symptoms: Hallucinations sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input?

Answer 55

Distorted perception

Question 56

symptoms: little, no or inappropriate emotion show?

Answer 56

Disturbed emotion

Question 57

How biological factors may contribute to the development of schizophrenia?

Answer 57

People can inherit a vulnerability to schizophrenia

Question 58

prenatal viral infection, prenatal malnutrition, obstetrical complications, other brain insults cause disruption of normal maturational processes before or at birth and subtle neurological damage which leads to increased vulnerability to schizophrenia?

Answer 58

neurochemical theories of schizophrenia

Question 59

Therapy: talk therapy

Answer 59

Insight therapies

Question 60

Therapy: principles of learning and conditioning to direct efforts to change clients' maladaptive behaviors

Answer 60

Behavior therapies

Question 61

Therapy: drug therapy and electro shock therapy

Answer 61

Biomedical therapies

Question 62

mental health professionals: psychological testing, diagnosis, treatment with insight or behavior therapy

Answer 62

Clinical psychologist (PhD, PsyD)

Question 63

mental health professionals: similar to clinical psychologist, focuses on work, career and adjustment problems

Answer 63

Counseling psychologist (PhD, PsyD, EdD)

Question 64

mental health professionals: diagnosis and treatment with biomedical therapy sometimes insight too

Answer 64

Psychiatrist (MD)

Question 65

mental health professionals: insight behavioral therapy

Answer 65

Clinical social worker (MSW, DSW)

Question 66

mental health professionals: inpatient care, insight and behavior therapy

Answer 66

Psychiatric nurse (RN, MA, PhD)

Question 67

mental health professionals: marital and family therapy

Answer 67

Marriage and family therapist (MA, PhD)

Question 68

Recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives and defenses

Answer 68

psychoanalysis therapy

Question 69

The goal of psychoanalysis therapy

Answer 69

To abandon defense mechanisms and resolve conflicts

Question 70

Techniques of psychoanalysis: client expresses thought/ feelings

Answer 70

Free association

Question 71

Techniques of psychoanalysis: therapist interprets meanings

Answer 71

Dream analysis

Question 72

Techniques of psychoanalysis: clients defense mechanisms hinder therapy

Answer 72

Resistance

Question 73

Techniques of psychoanalysis: client relates to therapist that mimics important relationships

Answer 73

Transference

Question 74

Focuses on providing a supportive, emotional climate.

Answer 74

Client centered therapy

Question 75

What is the goal of client center therapy?

Answer 75

Develop self-acceptance through becoming comfortable with genuine self

Question 76

Client centered therapy process: communicating with honesty

Answer 76

Genuineness

Question 77

Client centered therapy process: nonjudgmental acceptance

Answer 77

unconditional positive regard

Question 78

Client centered therapy process: understand clients view point, not sympathy

Answer 78

Empathy

Question 79

Simultaneous treatment of several clients. providing acceptance, emotional support, trade coping strategies, feedback and social skills

Answer 79

Group therapy

Question 80

Treatment of two focus on relationship issues

Answer 80

Couple therapy

Question 81

Treatment as a unit, focus on dynamics and communication

Answer 81

Family therapy

Question 82

Efficacy of insight therapies

Answer 82

Treatment is superior to no treatment or placebo treatment

Question 83

Behavioral therapies: exposure therapy

Answer 83

Systematic desensitization

Question 84

Behavioral therapies: Create a negative response to a stimulus that has elicited problematic behavior

Answer 84

Aversion therapy

Question 85

Behavioral therapies: improve social skills that emphasizes modeling, behavioral rehearsal and shaping

Answer 85

Social skills training

Question 86

Behavioral therapies: combination of verbal interventions and behavior modification techniques to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking

Answer 86

Cognitive behavioral treatments

Question 87

Correction of habitual thinking errors that underlie various types of disorders

Answer 87

Cognitive therapy

Question 88

The goal of cognitive therapy is to ?

Answer 88

Change clients' negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs.

Question 89

Techniques used for cognitive therapy are?

Answer 89

Modeling, systematic monitoring of one's behavior and behavioral rehearsal.

Question 90

The efficacy of behavioral therapies

Answer 90

works well on the problems that it can treat

Question 91

psychiatric drugs: reduced tension, apprehension, nervousness.

Answer 91

Antianxiety drugs

Question 92

Psychiatric drugs: Side effects drowsiness, lightheadedness, cottonmouth, depression, nausea, constipation

Answer 92

Antianxiety drugs

Question 93

psychiatric drugs: reduces psychotic symptoms, hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations and delusions

Answer 93

Antipsychotic drugs

Question 94

psychiatric drugs: side effects drowsiness, constipation and cottonmouth, tremors, muscular rigidity and impaired coordination

Answer 94

Antipsychotic drugs

Question 95

psychiatric drugs: gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of depression

Answer 95

Antidepressant drugs

Question 96

psychiatric drugs: control mood swings

Answer 96

Mood stabilizers

Question 97

Psychiatric drugs: lithium level in blood can be toxic and fatal

Answer 97

Mood stabilizers

Question 98

Efficacy of drug treatments

Answer 98

Drug therapy is effective for several disorders

Question 99

Controversies of drug treatments

Answer 99

They produce superficial short lived effects, overprescribed and patients over medicated, side effects are underestimated

Question 100

Why people grew disenchanted with mental hospitals

Answer 100

The mental hospitals were underfunded with undertrained understaffed overworked employment and overcrowded deemed untherapeutical

Question 101

disenchanted alternative

Answer 101

Community mental health movement; local community based care, reduced dependence on hospitalization, prevention of psychological disorders