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123 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

How many tissues are the vocal folds divided into?

A

5

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2
Q

Name the 5 tissues

A
  1. Epithelum (mucosa)
  2. Basal lamina (basement membrane zone)
  3. Superficial layer of the lamina propria
  4. Intermediate and deep layers of lamina propria
  5. Thyroarytenoid muscle
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3
Q

3 Sections that include the tissues

A
  1. Cover
  2. Transition
  3. Body
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4
Q

Was is contained in the cover

A

Contains the epithelium, basal lamina, and the superficial layer of the lamina propria

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5
Q

Briefly describe cover

A

Epithelium: maintains the shape of the VF
• Basal lamina: provides physical support to epithelium and is essential to its repair
•Lamina propria: Reinke’s space, but not a space. Has extracellular matrices that are the scaffolds for structural support

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6
Q

Adequate hydration is essential to what?

A

Lubrication for normal phonation.

•the microridges and microvilli help spread and retain a mucous coat on the epithelium.

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7
Q

What can vocal fold surgery disturb?

A

The layer of epithelium, which can scar and no longer retain an adequate mucous coat. This impacts the lubrication of the VF

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8
Q

Reinke’s Edema

A
  • a voice pathology - swelling due to abnormal accumulation of fluid that occurs in the superficial LP
  • causes VF mucosa to appear floppy with excessive movement of the cover (like a loose sock)
  • lowers F0
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9
Q

Vocal fold lesions

A
  • primarily on cover of folds
  • commonly on basal lamina
  • BL proteins can shear, causing vf injury (nodules or polyps)
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10
Q

what is contained in transition

A

Intermediate and deep layers of the Lamina Propria

• primarily sturctural, giving vf support and providing adhesion between cover, body, and thryoarytenoid muscle.

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11
Q

Intermediate and deep layer of LP

A
  • Intermediate - primarily made up of elastic fibers
  • Deep - made up of collagenous fibers
  • fibers run parallel to vf edge and comprise vocal ligament
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12
Q

what is contained in the body?

A

Thyroarytenoid muscle

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13
Q

TA muscle

A

Divided into thyroarytenoid and vocalis muscles, the vocalis and inferior vocalis

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14
Q

1 change from birth to old age

A

• Infant LP has only one layer, adult has 3. No vocal ligament in infant. – influences a difference in the number of formants between adult and pediatric populations.

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15
Q

Formant differences in female adults and children

A

Females - voice is three tones lower than the chilld’s and has 5-12 formants. Pediatric voice has 3-6.

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16
Q

Another change from birth to old age

A

Descent of larynx
• C7 in men and C6 in woman
• visual in tiny babies

17
Q

Another change….

A

Menopausal women experience a decline in estrogen, which results in a loss of muscle mass throughout the body and, thus, muscle weakness.
• voice change - vocal fatigue, decreased power, loss of high range and quality

18
Q

Voice therapy tools

A
  • Teach/describe the task and instruct how you want them to do it.
  • use metaphors and similies (paint a picture with your words)
  • model it (ask what is sounded like, looked like, etc)
  • contrast it with appropriate and inappropriate
  • audio/video playback
  • analysis of response
19
Q

Condensed therapy tools

A
  • elicit response
  • model
  • shape (stop talking)
  • reinforce (behavioral therapy)
  • Evaluating
  • stabalize
  • monitor
  • Document
20
Q

Important factors of voice therapy

A
  1. breath
  2. tongue position
  3. loudness
  4. ear training
  5. Establish new pitch
21
Q

On Piano, what is half step?

A

notes are right next to each other, no matter their color

22
Q

Whole step

A

Notes have one note in between them.

23
Q

Vocalises

A

Voice exercises - increase Air flow

24
Q

Puberphonia

A
  • when men’s voice doesn’t change in puberty

* sometimes because larynx doesn’t change size, sometimes psychological

25
Q

waht will reveal natural pitch

A

coughing, throat clearing, laughing

26
Q

Exercises

A

Yawn/sigh
trill
humm
/i/ /a/

27
Q

What do you do every time you have a new patient?

A

Oral Facial exam

28
Q

Vocal hygeine

A

no smoking, reduce coffee/soda/alcohol, reduce exposure to allergens, drink a lot of water (2-3 liters a day minimum)
half as loud, half as often

29
Q

We cannot diagnose a voice disorder

A

.

30
Q

Functional voice disorder

A

No etiology, no paralysis, range and movement are adequate

31
Q

Organic VD

A

has etiology, visual lesion, disease process, tbi, cva

32
Q

Gray areas of functional/organic

A

consistent vocal abuse can can organic change - nodules, polyps, edema. TG voice

33
Q

Look for

A

color, candida, breath, epiglottis size and shape

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