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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

When choosing and IV site should you choose the most distal or proximal site

A

Most distal

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2
Q

Do alkaline or acid burns cause more damage

A

Alkaline. Interferes with protein in skin

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3
Q

What is a superficial thickness burn

A

Burn that just damages the epidermis

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4
Q

What is a partial or immediate thickness burn

A

Burn that damage the epidermis and top of the dermis

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5
Q

What is a full thickness burn

A

Damages the epidermis and dermis and possible subcutaneous tissue

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6
Q

What is used to measure the amount of surface area burned on the body

A

Rule of nines

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7
Q

What are the 3 zones of injury

A

Coagulation
Stasis
Hyperemia

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8
Q

What is the zone of coagulation

A

Inner most part of the burn

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9
Q

What is the zone of stasis

A

Just outside the inner part of the burn where the tissues is still inflamed and injured

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10
Q

What is the zone of hyperemia

A

Outer most part of the burn. Little to no cell damage

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11
Q

What can happen if more than 20% of the body is covered in burns

A

Systemic reaction due to hypoperfusion

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12
Q

The most critical time to treat an acute burn is the first how many hours

A

72

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13
Q

What is compartment syndrome

A

Pressure builds up from fluid leaking into extracellular space

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14
Q

What are the 5 P’s for assessing arterial lines

A

Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Paresthesia
Paralysis

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15
Q

What are arterial lines used for

A

To monitor blood pressure and mean arterial pressure constantly

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16
Q

What is neurogenic shock

A

Spinal cord injury above T6 causes sympathetic NS to be unable to cause vasoconstriction, parasympathetic NS continues to keep vessels dilated, BP drops

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17
Q

What is cardiogenic shock

A

Heart fails to pump oxygen to the tissues. Blood pools in lungs

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18
Q

What is the glucose range for non sick patients

A

5-10

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19
Q

What is the glucose range for sick patients

A

6-10

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20
Q

What electrolyte likes to follow glucose out of the cell

A

Potassium

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21
Q

In DKA what is the most important to treat

A

The underlying cause

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22
Q

Why is does dehydration and electrolyte shifts occur in DKA

A

Kidney tried to get rid of excess glucose by making the patient pee more

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23
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis

A

When the glucose is not entering the cells, the body breaks down fat into ketones which are acidic

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24
Q

In someone with DKA will the BP be high or low

A

Low. Dehydration, not enough blood volume

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25
In someone with DKA will the HR be high or low
High. Less blood volume means the heart pumps faster to get more oxygen around
26
What is the amount someone should pee an hour
Half their weight(kg) Ex. 40kg = 20ml/hr
27
What is the highest rate you can run an IV bolus
999ml/hr
28
What should dobutamine do
Increase HR and BP
29
What is the bpm for the SA node
60-100
30
What is the bpm for the AV node
40-60
31
What is the bpm for the bundle of his
20-40
32
What is the electrical pathway through the heart
SA node AV node Bundle of His Perkinje fibers
33
What does troponin tell us
If an MI is occurring
34
What does creatinine kinase tell us
If there is damage to the heart
35
What is atrial flutter
Abnormal heart rhythm in the atria
36
What is atrial fibrillation
Upper chambers of heart beating irregularly
37
What is ventricular tachycardia
Lower chambers of heart beating too fast
38
What is ventricular fibrillation
Lower chambers of the heart have irregular beat
39
Does Vtach or Vfib cause no pulse
Vfib
40
Which abnormal heart rhythms are detected and shockable by an AED
Vtach and Vfib
41
Mechanical ventilation is which type of pressure
Positive pressure
42
What are the 4 types of artificial airways
OPA NPA Endotrach Trach
43
What is the difference between BiPap and CPap
BiPap supports breath in and out CPap supports breath in
44
What is FiO2
Amount of oxygen being given
45
What is used to determine the tidal volume needed in artificial airway support
Ideal body weight: height and gender
46
What setting on a ventilator keeps the alveoli open
PEEP
47
What is barotrauma
Damage to body due to air going where it shouldn’t
48
What is volutrauma
Damage to alveoli
49
What is Atelectrauma
Damage to alveoli because they are not being kept open
50
Why do patients get hypotension when on ventilator
Positive pressure cause difference in pressure on heart
51
What is meningitis
Infection that crosses the blood brain barrier and infects the meninges
52
What is the most severe type of meningitis
Bacterial
53
Why are purpuric lesions concerning in someone with meningitis
This is rupture of small vessels showing too much pressure in brain
54
What is Kernig’s sign
Inability to straighten leg once knee has been brought to chest
55
What is Brudzinski’s sign
Pain when laying down and trying to lift head up
56
What is used to diagnose meningitis
Lumbar puncture
57
What causes the CSF to be cloudy in meningitis
Indicative of bacterial meningitis due to presence of glucose
58
What is used to treat bacterial meningitis
Antibiotics
59
What happens to those exposed to bacterial meningitis
Great with antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis
60
What can occur as a side effect to meningitis that is serious
Seizures
61
What is the highest risk for meningitis
Crowded living spaces such as dorms
62
What is the drug of choice to reduce cerebral edema
Mannitol
63
What are the 6 stages of the clinical judgement model
Recognize cues Analyze cues Prioritize hypotheses Generate solutions Take action Evaluate outcomes
64
Recognizing cues corresponds to which nursing process stage
Assessment
65
Analyzing cues matches which stage of the nursing process
Diagnosis
66
Generate hypotheses matches which stage of the nursing process
Planning
67
Take action matches which stage of the nursing process
Implementation
68
What are the 3 Gives in septic shock
Fluid Antibiotics Oxygen
69
What are the 3 Takes in septic shock
Culture Urine ABG
70
What is the order for performing venipuncture
Patient Catheter Tourniquet Vein Remove tourniquet Clean Apply tourniquet Poke
71
What is the order for trauma assessments
Triage Primary survey Transfer needed Secondary survey Evaluation

Advanced Med Surg (1 decks)

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