Final

Question 1

Halls iceberg theory

Answer 1

Conceptual frame work developed by Edward T. Hall to illustrate the visible and invisible aspects of culture.

Question 2

What is collectivism?

Answer 2

(Political theory associated with communism). The idea people should prioritize the good of society over the welfare of the individual

Question 3

What are high-context cultures?

Answer 3

Non verbal cues, implicit meanings, shared understandings

Question 4

What are low-context cultures?

Answer 4

Depend on direct, clear and explicit communication

Question 5

Examples of high-context cultures.

Answer 5

China, Japan, Thailand

Question 6

Examples of low context cultures.

Answer 6

USA, Germany, UK

Question 7

What is on top of the iceberg?

Answer 7

Food, clothing, language, arts celebrations, rituals, music, dance (behaviors, practices)

Question 8

What is below the iceberg?

Answer 8

Values, biases, attitudes, expectations, assumptions, ethic (perceptions, and beliefs)

Question 9

High culture in communication

Answer 9

Implicit indirect.

Question 10

Low culture in communication

Answer 10

Explicit, direct

Question 11

High culture in relationship focus

Answer 11

Long-term, trust before business.

Question 12

Low culture in relationship focus.

Answer 12

Task focused, relationships are secondary.

Question 13

High culture in conflict resolution.

Answer 13

Indirect, aim to save “face” and avoid conflict

Question 14

Low culture in conflict resolution

Answer 14

Direct open discussions. To resolve issues.

Question 15

HofStede’s cultural dimensions theory

Answer 15

Theory that identifies 5 key dimensions that help explain cultures behavior-thinking and communication (how values relate to the behavior of people )

Question 16

What ave HofStede’s 5 dimensions?

Answer 16

Power distance,uncertainty avoidance, individualism vis collectivism, femininity v.s masculinity,long term v.s short term

Question 17

What is power distance

Answer 17

The degree to which less powerful members of a society accept and expect power to be distributed unequally

Question 18

High power distance:

Answer 18

Hierarchies are rigid, authority is rarely challenged (Mexico, malasia)

Question 19

Low power distance

Answer 19

Power is more evenly distributed, and subordinates can question authority (Denmark, Sweden).

Question 20

Uncertainty avoidance

Answer 20

The extend to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and prefer strutted environments.

Question 21

High uncertainty avoidance

Answer 21

Strong preference for rules, stability, avoiding risks. (Grece, Portugal)

Question 22

Low uncertainty avoidance

Answer 22

Open to change, innovation and fewer rules (Singapore, Denmark )

Question 23

Individualism v is collectivism.

Answer 23

Extend to which individuals are expected to look after themselves versus being integrated into strong, cohesive groups

Question 24

Individualism

Answer 24

People are supposed to look after themselves and their immediate family only.(USA Australia)

Question 25

Collectivism

Answer 25

People belong to ingroupsor collectivities that are supposed to look after them in exchange for loyalty ( china, Indonesia)

Question 26

Femininity v.s masculinity

Answer 26

Distribution of emotional roles between genders and the value placed on masculine and feminine traits

Question 27

Masculinity:

Answer 27

Success competition, achievement prioritized (Japan, Germany).

Question 28

Femininity:

Answer 28

Quality of life, cooperation are valued (Nretherlands, Norway)

Question 29

Long term v.s short term

Answer 29

The focus on future rewards through perseverance drift versus and past present and orientation, respecting traditions, and fulfilling social obligations.

Question 30

Long-term

Answer 30

Emphasis on persistence adaptability and pragmatic problem solving. Ccnina, South Korea)

Question 31

Short term

Answer 31

Focus on quick results and respect for tradition cu.s.a, philipines)

Question 32

Trompenaar’s and Hampden Turner’s cultural dimensions.

Answer 32

7 dimensions to explain how cultural values influence relationships and decision making

Question 33

Universalism v.s particularism

Answer 33

Rules and laws

Question 34

Universalism u.sp

Answer 34

Rules are applied consistently across all people

Question 35

U. Us particularism

Answer 35

Prioritize relationships and context to apply roles.

Question 36

Individualism US communitarism

Answer 36

Needs

Question 37

Individualism U.S. C

Answer 37

Personal needs- rights, and achievements

Question 38

I vs communitarism

Answer 38

Group needs loyalty, cooperation.

Question 39

Neutral v.s emotional

Answer 39

Feelings

Question 40

Neutral v.s E

Answer 40

←emotions and feelings are controlled and not openly expressed.

Question 41

N. V.s emotional

Answer 41

Feelings and emotions are openly expressed

Question 42

Specific vs diffused

Answer 42

Life

Question 43

Specific v.s d

Answer 43

Boundary between personal and work life

Question 44

S. V.s diffused

Answer 44

Integrates personal and work life.

Question 45

Achievement v.s A scription

Answer 45

Status

Question 46

Achievement v.s A

Answer 46

Status is earned based on individual achievements, skills and performance.

Question 47

A. V.s ascription

Answer 47

Status is based on factors like age, gender, social connections, family background

Question 48

Internal v.s external

Answer 48

Control

Question 49

Internal v.s e

Answer 49

People can change environments

Question 50

I v.s external

Answer 50

Human life is controlled by environment.

Question 51

Sequential v.s synchronous time

Answer 51

Time

Question 52

Sequential v.s S

Answer 52

Linear times punctuality, schedules are rigid.

Question 53

S. V.s synchronous time

Answer 53

Time is fluid/flexible- multitasking, adapting schedules