Final Flashcards
(18 cards)
Logical Fallacy
statements that may sound true or reasonable on their face, but they are based on false or misleading logic
Sweeping/Hasty Generalizations
Bases an inference on too small a sample, or on an unrepresentative sample
Appeal to Tradition
Argues that a belief, action or system is inherently good or unavoidable simply because it ‘has always been this way
Appeal to Nature
When something is claimed to be good because it’s perceived as natural, or bad because it’s perceived as unnatural.
Slippery Slope
Claim that describes a chain of events with an extreme and undesirable result.
Bandwagon
Argues that a belief or action is valid because the majority agrees
False Analogies
Drawing a comparison between two things or situations that are not similar enough to draw similar conclusions
Appeal to Ignorance
Claims that something is true because it has not yet been proven false (or cannot be proven false).
Red Herring
An argument or subject that is introduced in order to distract attention away from the main argument
Ad Hominem
Attacking the person instead of attacking their argument.
Either/or (False Dichotomy)
Reduces a complex, nuanced set of circumstances to only two possible choices, with one usually being extremely (and inarguably) negative
Appeal to Doubtful Authority
When someone with no expertise on an issue is cited as an authority (usually because they’re famous/easily recognizable).
Ad Populem
When a certain action or belief will result in being labeled as something desirable/popular within a group or carries the threat of being labeled as something unpopular by the group
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc (Faulty Casualty)
Assuming a cause and effect relationship between two events simply because they occurred together.
Begging the Question
Assumes the initial premise is true, when it is open to question
Logos
Appeal to logic and reasoning
Premise
A proposition/assumption upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn.
