Final Flashcards
(44 cards)
Abnormal amounts of lipids in the blood, elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C or low HDL-C; caused by poor lifestyle choices/diet, genetics; 30% of US pop. has this. Symptoms include weight gain, fatigue, depression, loose stools, bumps on skin, & heart pain
Dyslipidemia
Internal pressure on the arteries by the blood, leads to left ventricular hypertrophy; lifestyle factors - diet, alcohol, overweight/obese, stress, sedentary behavior. Known as the SILENT KILLER, symptoms may not be present
Hypertension
4th Leading cause of death in US; inflamed airways due to exposure to polluted air, damage to airways and alveoli. Symptoms include dyspnea, chronic cough, sputum production, & chest sounds
COPD
Abnormal growth of tissue (neoplasm), unregulated cellular proliferation, usually forms a distinct mass, may spread to other parts of the body; can originate in any organ system. 33% of diagnoses are associated with cigarette smoking, another 33% due to alcohol, sex practices, pollution, diet.
Cancer
Progressive degenerative joint disease from aging, overuse, injury
Osteoarthritis
Autoimmune disease, chronic/systemic attack on joint lining damaging articular cartilage and ligaments
Rheumatoid Arthritis
2nd most common neurodegenerative disease; brain cells that produce neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine) die
Parkinson Disease
Autoimmune disease, inflammatory damage to myeline sheaths
Multiple Sclerosis
Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine dysregulation, interferes w social, occupational aspects, Ex reduces symptoms
Anxiety & Depression
Positive energy balance, BMI above 25, above 30, 32% of children and 70% of adults in the US
Overweight/Obese
Caused by lifestyle, “adult onset,” positive energy balance, sedentary behavior, insulin resistance, insufficient insulin production
Type II Diabetes
Autoimmune attack on the Beta cells of the pancreas, childhood onset, symptoms of thirst, visual disruptions, requires insulin for life
Type I Diabetes
Damage to vessels typically in the legs, signified by claudication/cramping/pain in the extremities
PAD
Replacement of the organ, no longer innervated by the nervous system, Symptoms include elevated RHR, blunted Ex HR, Elevated BP @ rest, blunted BP w EX
Heart Transplant
Used to regulate HR when too slow as well as to synchronize the chambers, symptoms include fatigue and dyspnea
Pacemaker
Inability to effectively pump blood to the body, symptoms include fatigue and dyspnea
Heart Failure
Ex Testing Considerations for HF
Lower peak HR, SV, and Q; large vessels don’t dilate well, Ex tolerance is reduced
Ex Testing Considerations for Pacemaker
Evaluate HR and rhythm responses, maintain a HR below threshold for defibrillation, avoid upper extremity vigorous Ex for 3-4 wks (implantation incision needs to heal), perform light upper ROM to reduce joint complications
Ex Testing Considerations for Heart Transplant
Peak Q is reduced by 20-35%; RHR is elevated, HR response to Ex; increase in HR relies on catecholamines, thus delayed Ex response; BP elevated @ rest and blunted during Ex
Ex Testing Considerations for Overweight/Obese
Testing not necessary w low/moderate Ex program if no chronic issues, timing of medications, musculoskeletal or orthopedic conditions
Ex Testing Considerations for Anxiety/Depression
If struggling w Ex, begin w flexibility on the floor/ground, focus on breathing, stretching, posture
Ex Testing Considerations for Multiple Sclerosis
Test early in the day, climate controlled room, RPE and HR, 6-min WT, Time Up-Go, surveys (MS impact scale)
Ex Testing Considerations for Parkinson Disease
Assess CVD risk; balance, gait, ROM, cycle ergometry, RPE scale, Time Up-Go, 6-min WT, MMT
Ex Testing Considerations for Arthritis
Use testing methods that don’t worsen pain; do not test during acute inflammation; include a warm-up; monitor pain via scales
