Final Flashcards
(61 cards)
social change
persistent transformation in social structures, cultural norms, and institutions
Influences education, family structures, and societal relationships
sources of social change
environmental pressures:
climate change, natural disasters
population growth: urbanization, resource allocation
cultural/technological innovation:
the internet, medical advancements
cultural diffusion:
spread of practices (Americanization)
types of social movements
reform movements:
change within existing systems
countermovements:
resist changes introduced by reform or revolutionary movements
revolutionary movements:
overhaul political systems
role of ideology in social movements
ideology provides direction, defines “heroes and villains”, and clarifies goals
shifts in ideology weakens movements
relative deprivation (social movements)
movements emerge from unmet rising expectations rather than severe deprivation
context shapes perception!!!
role of resource mobilization in social movements
movements require funds, labor, media, and political influence
social media helps cohesion
role of political opportunity in social movements
vulnerable institutions provide openings for activism
movements emerge when external factors lower participation
causes of anomie
rapid social changes
sources of rapid social change
things like 9/11, natural disasters
sources of long-term social change
environmental pressure, population growth, technological and cultural diffusion
climate change, internet, colonialism, Americanization
anomie
lacking usual social or ethnic standards
3 goals of nationalism
national autonomy:
self-governance
national unity:
shared identity and cohesion
national identity:
a collective culture
ethnie
common ancestry and cultural elements without political structures
nation
defined homeland, governance, shared myths, legal systems. distinct public culture
walker conner
differentiates patriotism (state loyalty) from ethnonationalism (loyalty to ethnic group)
individual vs. collective identity
individual:
people may have multiple identities that change (work, family, religion)
collective:
national identity is a stable, cultural collective often built on symbols, myths, and values that individuals resonate with
being part of a nation goes beyond individual affiliation, as it is a shared culture
dynamic national identity
national identity evolves as cultures and generations interpret symbols, values, and myths
a nation’s values may evolve from a “heroic vision” (liberation) to a more practical identity (diversity and innovation)
individual vs. collective identity
individual:
people may have multiple identities that change (work, family, religion)
collective:
national identity is a stable, cultural collective often built on symbols, myths, and values that individuals resonate with
being part of a nation goes beyond individual affiliation, as it is a shared culture
nationalism as a sociological movement
key distinction:
emphasizes the development & expression of a shared “cultural identity” (cultural gestation and representation)
objective definitions of nation
focus on tangible elements
language, territory, culture
limited because some nations are multi-lingual
subjective definitions of nation
perception & shared sentiment
can be too broad because it can include communities that are not nations
world systems theory
does not view globalization as a recent phenomenon, but synonymous with the 1500s birth of world capitalism
uses the larger historical system or world society insteady of Marx’s class structures as a unit of analysis
Manuel Castell: network society theory
emphasizes technological change and information capitalism
