FInal

Question 1

Behaviors that deviate from societal norms.

Answer 1

Deviance

Question 2

Impairment in daily functioning.

Answer 2

Maladaptive Behavior

Question 3

emotional suffering

Answer 3

personal distress

Question 4

is the primary tool for diagnosing psychological disorders

Answer 4

The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition)

Question 5

Includes generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, and social anxiety disorder.

Answer 5

Anxiety disorders

Question 6

Characterized by obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors).

Answer 6

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Question 7

Includes major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.

Answer 7

Depressive and Bipolar Disorders:

Question 8

Marked by delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.

Answer 8

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorders

Question 9

Long-standing patterns of behavior, such as borderline or antisocial personality disorder.

Answer 9

Personality disorders

Question 10

Includes PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder).

Answer 10

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Question 11

Genetic predispositions, neurotransmitter imbalances.

Answer 11

Biological causes

Question 12

Cognitive distortions, trauma, learned behaviors.

Answer 12

Psychological causes

Question 13

Environmental stressors, cultural norms.

Answer 13

Social and cultural factors

Question 14

Involves structured interaction with a trained professional to improve mental health.

Answer 14

Psychotherapy

Question 15

Focus on uncovering unconscious conflicts (Freud).

Answer 15

Psychoanalysis

Question 16

Use of conditioning to change maladaptive behaviors.

Answer 16

Behavioral Therapy

Question 17

Focus on altering faulty thought patterns (e.g., CBT).

Answer 17

Cognitive Therapy

Question 18

Emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization (e.g., Carl Rogers’ client-centered therapy).

Answer 18

Humanistic Therapy

Question 19

Antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, etc.

Answer 19

Medication

Question 20

a stimuli with an electrical current Used for severe depression.

Answer 20

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Question 21

Includes transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Answer 21

Brain Stimulation Techniques

Question 22

Research supports the efficacy of therapy for various disorders, but the effectiveness depends on factors like the type of disorder, therapist-client relationship, and individual differences.

Answer 22

How effective therapy is

Question 23

Cultural sensitivity is crucial in treatment as beliefs about mental illness and treatment vary globally.

Answer 23

the role of culture

Question 24

Integrative approaches combining multiple types of therapy.
Increasing access to mental health care through technology (e.g., teletherapy).

Answer 24

Current trends in therapy

Question 25

Behavior that violates social norms.

Answer 25

Deviance

Question 26

Interference with personal and social functioning.

Answer 26

Maladaptive behavior

Question 27

Suffering or emotional pain.

Answer 27

personal distress

Question 28

Provides detailed guidelines and symptom checklists, improving consistency. Limitations: Does not eliminate errors due to subjective interpretation, comorbidity, or overlapping symptoms.

Answer 28

The DSM-V

Question 29

Percentage of a population with a disorder at a given time

Answer 29

Prevalence

Question 30

Percentage who experience the disorder at any point in life.

Answer 30

Lifetime Prevalence

Question 31

When symptoms first appear

Answer 31

Onset

Question 32

The causes or factors contributing to a disorder.

Answer 32

Etiology

Question 33

Excessive worry, restlessness Avoidance behavior Genetics, heightened amygdala response, learned fear responses

Answer 33

Anxiety disorders

Question 34

Sadness, loss of interest, fatigue Sleep disturbances, appetite changes Neurotransmitter imbalances, negative cognitive patterns

Answer 34

Depressive Disorders

Question 35

Mood swings (mania/depression) Risk-taking during mania Genetic predisposition, irregular dopamine levels

Answer 35

Bipolar Disorders

Question 36

Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought Cognitive deficits, withdrawal Dopamine hypothesis, prenatal factors, family stress

Answer 36

Schizophrenia

Question 37

Flashbacks, hypervigilance Emotional numbness Trauma exposure, overactive HPA axis

Answer 37

PTSD

Question 38

Many seeking therapy do not meet diagnostic criteria but seek help for subclinical issues like stress.

Answer 38

Therapy Statistics

Question 39

Stigma, cost, accessibility, and lack of awareness prevent many from seeking care.

Answer 39

Barrior to Treatment

Question 40

Practitioners include psychologists (PhD, PsyD), psychiatrists (MD), counselors, and social workers.

Answer 40

Therapist Training

Question 41

Focuses on changing thought patterns and behaviors.

Answer 41

CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)

Question 42

A type of CBT tailored for emotion regulation (e.g., borderline personality disorder).

Answer 42

DBT (Dialectical Behavioral Therapy)

Question 43

Techniques like systematic desensitization (gradual exposure) or flooding (intense exposure).

Answer 43

Behavioral Therapy:

Question 44

Emphasizes empathy and self-growth.

Answer 44

Humanistic therapy

Question 45

SSRIs, SNRIs (effectiveness varies by individual, takes weeks to work, potential side effects).

Answer 45

Anti-depressants

Question 46

Effective for severe cases but controversial due to potential memory loss.

Answer 46

ECT

Question 47

Non-invasive, fewer side effects than ECT.

Answer 47

TMS

Question 48

CBT is as effective as medication for mild-to-moderate depression but lacks medication’s side effects.

Answer 48

Comparison with CBT:

Question 49

Treat anxiety and schizophrenia; some drugs (e.g., SSRIs) treat multiple disorders.

Answer 49

Anxiolytics/Antipsychotics

Question 50

Improvement without treatment complicates effectiveness assessment.

Answer 50

Spontaneous Remission

Question 51

Offers long-term skills, no side effects, but time-intensive and costly.

Answer 51

Talk Therapy Pros and Cons

Question 52

Fast-acting for some but risks side effects and dependency.

Answer 52

Biological Treatment Pros and Cons

Question 53

Shifted care from hospitals to community settings; partially successful but left gaps in care, especially for the homeless.

Answer 53

Deinstitutionalization Movement

Question 54

Managed care increases accessibility but may limit treatment choice.

Answer 54

Managed Care vs. Fee for Service

Question 55

Cultural misunderstandings and inequities in access to care impact outcomes.

Answer 55

Diversity Issues