FINAL

Question 1

describe oxidation

Answer 1

increase in c=c, c-o, c-x bonds

Question 2

describe reduction

Answer 2

increase in c-h bonds

Question 3

pd/c
H2 reaction to double bond

Answer 3

attacks either c=c or c=o bonds
on the c=c it adds hydrogens across the bond

on the c=o bond creates alcohol and hydrogen

ADDS IN THE SYN direction

Question 4

what is the difference between ketones or aldehydes reacting with pd/c h2

Answer 4

ketones have enantiomer while aldehydes do not

Question 5

pd/c H2 reaction to triple bond

Answer 5

creates single bond –> doesnt stop it goes all the way to single bond –> adding hydrogens

Question 6

lindlars catalyst h2 reaction with triple bond

Answer 6

ONLY CREATES CIS ALKENE –> adds in only syn addition

adds 2 hydrogens

Question 7

Na and Nh3 to triple bond

Answer 7

only creates TRANS alkene–> only anti addition

adds 2 hydrogens

Question 8

LiAlH4 reacts with what

Answer 8

alkyl halides

Question 9

describe the LiAlH4 reaction

Answer 9

SN2 reaction with inversion of configuration–> replaces halide with hydrogens

Question 10

how can we conduct epoxidation

Answer 10

using per-acid or mCPBA

Question 11

if we add mcPBA or per acid to an alkene what will we see

Answer 11

an epoxide formation in a SYN addition

Question 12

what is dihydroxylation

Answer 12

adding OH to each side of an alkene to create a single bond

Question 13

what are the reagents for SYN dihydroxylation

Answer 13

1. KMnO4 2. H20, KOH
2. OsO4 2. NaHSO3, H20

Question 14

what are the reagents for ANTI dihydroxylation

Answer 14

mCPBA then H2SO4, H20

Question 15

what is ozonolysis and what reagents does it create

Answer 15

uses 1. O3. 2. ch3-s-ch3

cuts a double bond and attaches either a carbonyl or caborxylic acid to each carbon depending on whether it is a triple or double bond

Question 16

1. O3
2. ch3-s-ch3

added to a double bond creates

Answer 16

puts a carbonyl on each carbon of the former alkene–> cuts the double bond

Question 17

1. O3
2. ch3-s-ch3

added to a triple bond creates

Answer 17

carboxylic acid on each carbon of the former alkyne –> cuts the tripple donf

Question 18

how can we oxidize secondary alcohols

Answer 18

use 1.k2Cr2O7 2. H2SO4, H20
OR PCC

–> both turn the secondary alcohol into a carbonyl

Question 19

contrast PCC and K2Cr2O7

Answer 19

PCC is mild oxidant
K2Cr2O7 is very strong

Question 20

describe how we can oxidize primary alcohols

Answer 20

2 methods

1. PCC to carbonyl
2. K2Cr2)7 to make carboxylic acid

Question 21

what reagent do we use to undergo radical formation

Answer 21

delta or hv!

Question 22

describe stability in radicals

Answer 22

more substituted radical is the more stable

Question 23

halogenation of alkanes can occur in what type of addition

Answer 23

SYN AND ANTI

Question 24

decribe the difference between radical chlorination and radical bromination

Answer 24

Cl is less stable and reacts quickly without selecting the right bond

Br takes its time to make the right bond and hence only creates the product at the most substituted radical

Question 25

in radical addition of H-Br describe the reagents needed and where the Br is added

Answer 25

Br is added to the least substituted reagents needed include H-Br and one of these Hv, Delta, ROOR

Question 26

at high temps for a conjugated alkene what product is created

Answer 26

1,4 product

Question 27

at low temps for a conjugated alkene what product is created

Answer 27

1,2 product

Question 28

What are the rules of the diene- alder reaction

Answer 28

1. diene must be in s-cis conformation 2. electron withdrawing substituents on dienophile increase reaction rate 3. Stereochemistry of dienophile is retained (stays as either cis or trans) **** DIENE attacks least substituted corner of the dienophile