final

Question 1

youth delinquency - ___% engaged in this behaviour?

Answer 1

37%

Question 2

youth delinquency - what % was male

Answer 2

41% male students

Question 3

when was the youth criminal justice act

Answer 3

April 1, 2003

Question 4

what are predictors in male and female adolescents in ON community (Gomme.)

Answer 4

skipping, staying out late, running away, buying/drinking alcohol

Question 5

what were significant predictors of adolescent delinquency?

Answer 5

close friends charged
attitude of willingness to cooperate w/police

Question 6

what are not significant predictors of adolescent delinquency?

Answer 6

school performance
socioeconomical standing
age

Question 7

School Social Control Model

Answer 7

structural : parent’s educational achievement (degrees)
internal state: feeling stress in class
bonds: involvement in school activities, attachment to teachers, commitment to education, social bond theory
performance: grades
constraints: belief in legitimacy of school rules, school authority, disciplinary actions

Question 8

what did montreal adolescence find according to the school social control model?

Answer 8

all factors were significant

Question 9

Dr. Chow - Predicting Youth Risk and Delinquent Behaviour

Answer 9

sample size - 263 students
risk behaviour - lottery tickets, gambling, smoking, drinking (big issue), physical fights, unprotected sex (big issue)

Question 10

societal reaction to crime?

Answer 10

demography - increases interdependency of CJS
all agencies and organizations - must operate under criminal code
involvement of rcmp - policing in municipal, provincial and federal
correctional services - divided between provincial and federal

Question 11

Non-System Arguments? - societal reaction to crime

Answer 11

different agencies and personnel must respond to requirements of legislation
each has their own focus or priority (agencies)

Question 12

Crime Control Model (Packen 1968)

Answer 12

CJS as protection of public: deterrence, incapacitation of offenders
offenders: responsible for their actions
administration of justice: swift, sure, and efficient
presumption of guilt
confident that effective justice will: screen out innocent persons
emphasis: compensation for victims

Question 13

Due Process Model

Answer 13

emphasis: procedural fairness, presumption of innocence
CJ process: prove guilt, agencies and decision makers follow proper guidelines
accused person factually guilty: legally innocent
concerns: structure, confine, power of CJ decision makers

Question 14

Canadian Committee on Corrections

Answer 14

prevent crime, deter crime, gather sufficient evidence, maintain order in community, control highway traffic

Question 15

Section 42 (1) Police Service Act in ON

Answer 15

preserving peace, preventing crimes and other offences, provide assistance, assisting victims of crime, laying charges, executing warrants

Question 16

what are things police forces are assigned?

Answer 16

crime control, order maintenance (preventing/controlling behaviour), service (wide range of services for community)

Question 17

major police stressors?

Answer 17

work environment (death of partner, take a life in line of duty, making violent arrests, gruesome crime scenes), availability of peer support and trust, social and family influences, police organization (distinct chain of command), coping mechanisms

Question 18

what is an idealist personality?

Answer 18

social order - high
due process - high

Question 19

what is an enforcers personality?

Answer 19

social order - high
due process - low

Question 20

what is an optimists personality?

Answer 20

social order - low
due process - high

Question 21

what is an realists personality?

Answer 21

social order - low
due process - low

Question 22

Goldstein - Police Discretion

Answer 22

department - prioritize how resources are allocated
senior administration - set and enforce policies
patrol officers - how to respond and gain control over incident (use or not use force)
officer - how to dispose particular case, arrest, mediate, warning, referral
police investigators - gather evidence

Question 23

what is clearance rates?

Answer 23

proportion of offences known to police and are cleared by a charge or other means

Question 24

what does rising crime rates indicate?

Answer 24

does not indicate quality of performance, but reflects whether or not the police are doing their job

Question 25

what are clearance rates pt. 2?

Answer 25

function of willingness of public to report crimes

Question 26

Kansas City Study?

Answer 26

slowly add more and more police presence into community

Question 27

Kansas City Study findings?

Answer 27

no difference in levels of reported crime, citizens fear of crime, community attitudes toward police, police response time to incident, rate of traffic accidents

Question 28

Edmonton Police Service purpose?

Answer 28

provide police services on proactive basis, involve public attitudes towards police. increase job satisfaction

Question 29

Edmonton Police Service evaluation?

Answer 29

foot patrol - reduction of repeated calls in high incident areas increase in levels of job satisfaction among foot patrol officers evidence that foot patrol made creative approaches to problem solving in their neighbourhoods

Question 30

what is reactive policing?

Answer 30

spontaneous or planned requests by citizens or groups for police intervention

Question 31

proactive policing?

Answer 31

officers take initiative to engage in various crimes

Question 32

what is a primary crime prevention program?

Answer 32

identify opportunities for criminal offences and alter conditions, reduce the likelihood of crime from happening, neighbourhood watch, focus on property-related crime

Question 33

what is a secondary crime prevention program?

Answer 33

based in crime area analysis, crime prevention initiatives in schools, programs, that provide intervention for youth in conflict

Question 34

what is a teritary crime prevention program?

Answer 34

intervene with youth and adult offenders, operated by criminal justice system, deter, incapacitate and/or rehabilitate offenders

Question 35

what is education programming goals?

Answer 35

increase literacy and numeracy skills, help client attain highest levels of educational achievement, develop skills and competences to successful engage in achieving sustainable economic engagement

Question 36

what are levels of protection for children according to Tom Griffin

Answer 36

1. parent 2. family 3. neighbours 4. teachers 5. healthcare 6. social services/police 7. courts 8. criminal courts

Question 37

what are key factors in the toronto cma that made police stop cars?

Answer 37

radicalized characteristics, sex, make and condition of car, location, perceived lifestyle

Question 38

what is carding?

Answer 38

info is collected about people who are stopped at random and questioned

Question 39

what are street checks

Answer 39

individuals engaged in suspicious activities are questioned by the police

Question 40

how likely are Indigenous women to be street checked by Edmonton police

Answer 40

10x more likely

Question 41

high incarceration rates mean?

Answer 41

truth in sentencing (laws need offenders), war on drugs (in 70s, anti-drug abuse), three strike laws

Question 42

actual in means?

Answer 42

total inmates PHYSICALLY located at correctional facilities, excluding inmates away from facilities

Question 43

Peter Letkemann Inmate Social System

Answer 43

square john = pro-social, not involve in inmate subculture right guy = anti-social, heavily involved in inmate social system political = manipulates both staff and inmates outlaw = associal, uses violence to victimize both staff and inmates

Question 44

Female Inmate Social System

Answer 44

snitches = rats squares = accidental criminals jive bitches = torublemakers

Question 45

Total Institution - Goffman

Answer 45

place of residence and work where large number of like-situated people, cut off from wider society for period of time, lead an enclosed, formally administered round of life

Question 46

Ann Cordillia - questions men before and after release from prison

Answer 46

some found if difficult to adjust, some found it better than the real world