final Flashcards

(63 cards)

1
Q

Which of the following statements is not true about SNHL?

A

SNHL stands for standing nerve hearing loss

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2
Q

Ototoxic drugs are not which of the following?

A

Vitamin B12

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3
Q

(T/F) Diseases and disorders that can produce sensory hearing loss in the postnatal period include a diverse assortment of infections that affect the inner ear and also a number of medications used to treat the infections.

A

True

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4
Q

Connexin 26 Mutations

A

most common cause of congenital SNHL; AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE

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5
Q

perinatal (during birth) period

A

contribute to hearing loss ranging from inadequate oxygen or blood supply to the auditory system to
exposure to medications that are potentially damaging to the cochlea

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6
Q

postnatal (after birth) period

A

include a diverse assortment of infections that affect the inner ear and also a number of medications used to treat the infections.

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7
Q

Nonsyndromic hearing loss

A

most common; the primary problem is a deficit in hearing that is not associated with other
abnormalities.

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8
Q

Dual sensory impairment

A

abnormality in two senses, such as the auditory and visual senses.

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9
Q

Usher’s Syndrome

A

SNHL and Retinitis Pigmentosa; Progressive hearing loss and blindness

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10
Q

CHARGE (involve dual sensory impairment but they are
not syndromes)

A

-Coloboma of the eye, central nervous system abnormalities
-Heart defects
-Atresia of the nasal choanae
-R[SLUR] of growth and development -Genital and/or urinary abnormalities -Ear abnormalities and deafness

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11
Q

Rubella

A

bacterial infectious disease that may
cause sensorineural hearing loss

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12
Q

Meningitis

A

viral or bacterial microorganisms can cause an infection and related inflammation of the meninges; can cause SNHL

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13
Q

Other disorders that can cause inner ear disorders

A

herpes virus, HIV

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14
Q

Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)

A

In patients with autoimmune inner ear disease, antibodies or immune cells damage inner ear structures; treatment: steroids

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15
Q

MENIERE’S DISEASE AND ENDOLYMPHATIC HYDROPS

A

-Fluctuating hearing loss
-Episodic vertigo
-Tinnitus (low-frequency roaring sound)
-A sensation of ear fullness or pressure

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16
Q

Medical Intervention for Meniere’s

A
  • The main goal for management of Meniere’s disease is to minimize or eliminate vertigo and to improve hearing status.
  • Treatment strategies include: Medication to reduce excessive accumulation of cochlear fluids
    -Injection of drugs to reduce vestibular function
    -Surgery that involves cutting the vestibular nerve on one side
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17
Q

Sudden Idiopathic SNHL

A

Hearing sensitivity recovers completely for over one-
half of patients, even without aggressive medical
treatment.

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18
Q

Noise-induced hearing loss is characterized by

A

a notch-type decrease in hearing thresholds within the
region of 3000 to 4000 Hz.

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19
Q

Te m p o r a r y t h r e s h o l d s h i f t ( T T S )

A

decrease in hearing thresholds occurring during and immediately
after noise exposure and persisting for a period of sixteen to forty-eight hours.

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20
Q

Presbycusis

A

-age-related hearing loss; sensorineural and greater for higher frequencies (a sloping configuration).
-Amplification is the only treatment for Presbycusis

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21
Q

Monaural
Binaural

A
  • one ear
    -both ears
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21
Q

APD is an auditory disorder

A

APD is an auditory disorder that is not the result of global deficits such as autism, mental r[SLUR]
attention deficits, or similar impairments.

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21
Q

Treatment APD

A

highly individualized

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22
Q

Refers to stimuli

A

Dichotic: different stimulus to each ear simultaneously

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23
For people w/ APD
Hearing is often normal or near normal but patients may report significant difficulty hearing/understanding (especially in noise)
24
Lots of overlap with ADP and
ADHD
25
SCAN-C for kids through age
12 -norms for ages 5-12
26
SCAN-A ages
13 and above
27
Pediatric Intervention: Neural plasticity
increases the chance of success with therapy and intervention
28
Increase Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
-Wireless (FM) systems -Low gain hearing aids -Preferential seating -Sound field -Acoustic treatment of classroom
29
APD – Adult interventions
Teach compensatory techniques
30
Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)
-Presence of normal otoacoustic emissions -Absence of auditory brainstem response -Absent or abnormal acoustic reflexes
31
Suspicion or identification of possible ANSD usually occurs when
OAEs are recorded in a patient who has no detectable ABR; key feature in ANSD is very poor word recognition performance.
32
MOST RETROCOCHLEAR DISORDERS ARE
NEOPLASMS, THE TECHNICAL TERM FOR TUMORS
33
ACOUSTIC NEUROMA
benign tumor that grows on the VIII cranial nerve. Slow growing
34
Symptoms and treatment of Acoustic Neuroma
-Symptoms include hearing asymmetry, unilateral tinnitus, imbalance -The tumors are almost always UNILATERAL - Treatment: watch and wait, surgery or radio-surgery
35
More aud symptoms related to Acoustic Neuroma
Abnormal auditory adaptation like tone decay (immitance) or acoustic reflex decay or Pi-PB rollover
36
Audiology tests of hearing and balance help determine the
Site of Lesion but they do not diagnose disease
37
hearing aid use improves
overall functional health and quality of life in a highly cost-effective manner.
38
hearing aids DO NOT
-restore normal hearing -prevent progression/worsening of hearing loss
39
CROS/BICROS
-CROS: one normal ear, one unaidable ear -BICROS: both ears have hearing loss; one ear is unaidable
40
Gain
increase in intensity provided by the amplifier
41
Output
intensity in dB of the output
42
Prescribe the amount of gain by frequency for
soft (50 dBSPL), medium (65 dB) and loud (70-80 dB)
43
More gain for
soft input sounds
44
Less gain for
louder sounds
45
Keeps maximum output _____ the patient’s LDL regardless of the intensity of the input sounds from the environment
below
46
For ________ we want all sounds to come through with minimal noise reduction
CHILDREN
47
For ______ we do a lot of noise reduction and try to amplify salient speech cues
adults
48
Hearing aid verification
1. Real Ear/Probe microphone verification 2. Functional gain (aided sound field testing)
49
International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA)
Common outcome measure for validation
50
As a general rule, children with hearing aids should also utilize
FM systems
51
Types of Hearing Aids
Behind-the-Ear Receiver—in-the-Canal In-the-Ear In-the-Canal Completely-in-the-Canal Invisible-in-the-Canal
52
Counseling: what is affect?
Affect is a concept used in psychology to describe the experience of feeling or emotion.
53
affective statements
-must be answered w/ app. empathy -must not be answered with a mismatch - Opportunity to correct patient’s incorrect information and irrational beliefs
54
body language
IT IS POSSIBLE TO INTERPRET BODY LANGUAGE - defensive or angry -Silence ◦ May be overwhelmed and “shutting down” ◦ May be angry ◦ May disagree with what you are saying
55
Pediatrics Tests: Infants <6 months
Physiological measures (ABR/OAE) are the only measures that can be trusted at this age because behavioral responses are NOT reliable
56
Pediatrics Tests: Infants 6 months to 2yrs old
VRA (Visual Reinforcement Aud)
57
Ped tests: 2.5 yrs-4 yrs
Conditioned play aud
58
Ped tests: 5+
Similar to adult testing except for limited attention
59
Word recognition
an assessment of a patient’s ability to identify and repeat single syllable words presented at some suprathreshold level
60
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (Speech-to-Noise Ratio): SNR
THE HIGHER THE SNR, THE EASIER IT IS TO UNDERSTAND SPEECH
61
Pure tones
-begin above the patient's threshold and work down -threshold is where the patient repsonds at least 50% of the time -angle the [atient