final Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the strongest IMF in H₂O?
Hydrogen bonding
Which IMF exists in all substances?
Dispersion forces
Which IMF is found between ions and polar molecules?
Ion-dipole forces
What causes higher boiling points: stronger or weaker IMFs?
Stronger IMFs
Which has higher viscosity: CH₄ or HOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH?
HOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH (hydrogen bonding + size)
What phase change is freezing?
Liquid → Solid (Exothermic)
Is sublimation endo- or exothermic?
Endothermic
A high ΔHvap means what about IMF strength?
Strong IMF
What happens to vapor pressure as temperature increases?
It increases
What does the Clausius-Clapeyron equation help calculate?
Vapor pressure at a different temperature
What is the critical point?
Where liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable
What is the triple point?
Temperature and pressure where all 3 phases coexist
What is the solute in a solution?
The substance being dissolved (minor component)
What is the solvent?
The substance doing the dissolving (major component)
Example of a strong electrolyte?
NaCl, HCl, KOH
Example of a nonelectrolyte?
CH3OH (methanol), sugar
Define ‘saturated solution’
Solution in dynamic equilibrium with undissolved solute
What happens in a supersaturated solution?
More solute than equilibrium; unstable
How does temp affect gas solubility?
Solubility decreases as temperature increases
Equation for molarity?
M = mol / L
Equation for molality?
m = mol / kg solvent
What is Raoult’s Law?
Psolution = Xsolvent · P°solvent
Formula for freezing point depression?
ΔTf = i·Kf·m
What is the van’t Hoff factor for Na2SO4?
i = 3
