final Flashcards

Question

what some demographic factors of filariasis

Answer 1

very dense unprotected host population

Answer 2

beliefs about elephantiasis awareness of the native population connections between stages of the disease lack of proper sanitation housing structure provides no physical protection

Answer 3

Stages: 1, 2, 3, & 4. Treatment- very painful, extended. Can be reversed in Stages 1 and 2, but not in 3 and 4. Control Efforts: Goal= Prevention.

Answer 4

1. cultural extinction 2.Assimilation 3. creation of subordinate status

Answer 5

can be Physical> war disease, famine, or Cultural > descendants live, but lose cultural ways/split up, no longer exist as a people. Egs. - Native American Groups: Place names, Yahi & Ishi. - Cultural extinctions in the Amazon

Answer 6

Acceptance of new Ways, integration into Mainstream Society as First Class Citizens. Almost never happens.

Answer 7

Become second-class citizens, not destroyed, but live apart- not fully assimilated. Loose their autonomy, ability to make economic decisions, access to resources and land. - History of Native North Americans: Wars > Slaughters > Promises & Treaties > Breaking of Treaties > Forced Removals > Subordinate Status, Trail of Tears, School System. - Dawes Act 1887. - Assimilated Now?

Answer 8

Education 2. Technology Transfer 3. Participation in Cash Economy

Answer 9

deforestation at rapid rate, land and soil not suitable for mono-cropping/raising livestock. - Guarani Traditional Subsistence, crop rotation, slash & burn, small clearings. - Development enters, destroys land, way of life.

Answer 10

Usually have been based on ethnocentric theories of social evolution. “Simple” to “Complex.” 1820 versus today

Answer 11

World-systems theory (also known as world-systems analysis or the world-systems perspective)[3] is a multidisciplinary approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system (and not nation states) as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis.[3] World-systems theorists argue that their theory explains the rise and fall of states, income inequality, social unrest, and imperialism.

Answer 12

“the comparative and holistic study of culture’s impact on health and health-seeking behavior.

Answer 13

the study of disease in prehistoric populations.”

Answer 14

population factors, settlement changes, age and sex ratios, life expectancy, etc. Example: shift to agriculture = health down. Increases in both infectious disease and episodes of nutritional stress. eg. -Dickson Mound: site in Illinois. Enamel Hypoplasias Harris Lines Porotic Hyperostosis

Answer 15

look it up and talk about it

Answer 16

1. studies of ethnomedicine, including ethnobotany, often tied to belief systems, eg. Macpalxoxitl, Fritz, ect. 2. studies of personality and mental health in diverse cultural settings, eg. Susto and social role performance. 3. applied studies in international public health and planned community change programs

Answer 17

look it up

Answer 18

look it up

Answer 19

elected during our evolutionary past to predispose carriers toward more efficient extraction and retention of (then) scarce, yet essential nutrients: ie. fats and carbohydrates (energy), protein (cholesterol), and salt. Implications for chronic disease

Answer 20

look it up

Answer 21

The original people of Haiti were the Taíno, an Arawak-speaking indigenous group who inhabited the island of Hispaniola (now Haiti and the Dominican Republic) long before the arrival of Europeans.

Answer 22

From 1791 to 1804, a series of successful slave rebellions, revolts, and revolutionary battles led to overthrowing French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue. In 1794, the Haitian Revolution brought slavery to an end in the colony and throughout the French Empire

Answer 23

The Cocoliztli Epidemic or the Great Pestilence was an outbreak of a mysterious illness characterized by high fevers and bleeding which caused 5–15 million deaths in New Spain during the 16th century. The Aztec people called it cocoliztli, Nahuatl for pestilence

Answer 24

Macpalxochitl, also known as the "hand-flower tree" or Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, is a unique tree native to Mexico. Its name comes from the Classical Nahuatl language, meaning "palm (of the hand) flower" due to the shape of its flowers, which resemble a hand 1. Traditionally, a tea made from the flowers and leaves of the macpalxochitl tree was used for its medicinal properties. It was believed to strengthen the heart and blood, making it particularly beneficial for the elderly. Modern chemical analysis has found that this tea can reduce cholesterol and triglycerides, act as a diuretic, and contains caffein

Answer 25

Key facts A zoonosis is any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans There are over 200 known types of zoonoses Zoonoses comprise a large percentage of new and existing diseases in humans Some zoonoses, such as rabies, are 100% preventable through vaccination and other methods A zoonosis is an infectious disease that has jumped from a non-human animal to humans. Zoonotic pathogens may be bacterial, viral or parasitic, or may involve unconventional agents and can spread to humans through direct contact or through food, water or the environment. They represent a major public health problem around the world due to our close relationship with animals in agriculture, as companions and in the natural environment. Zoonoses can also cause disruptions in the production and trade of animal products for food and other uses.

Answer 26

Virulence is a pathogen's or microorganism's ability to cause damage to a host

Answer 27

Ishi was the last known member of the Native American Yahi people from Northern California 1 2. Born around 1861, Ishi lived most of his life isolated from modern North American culture 1. The Yahi, a subgroup of the Yana tribe, suffered devastating losses during the California genocide in the 19th century 1 2. In 1911, Ishi emerged from the wilderness near Oroville, California, and was taken in by anthropologists at the University of California, Berkeley 1 2. He lived the remainder of his life at the university, where he shared his knowledge of Yahi culture, including traditional skills like arrow-making and storytelling 2 3. Ishi's life and legacy continue to inspire efforts to preserve and protect indigenous cultures

Answer 28

Curare is a common name for various alkaloid arrow poisons originating from plant extracts. Used as a paralyzing agent by indigenous peoples in Central and South America for hunting and for therapeutic purposes, curare only becomes active when it contaminates a wound or is introduced directly to the bloodstream; it is not active when ingested orally.

Answer 29

The Dawes Act, also known as the General Allotment Act of 1887, was a significant piece of legislation in U.S. history. Its primary goal was to assimilate Native Americans into American society by dividing tribal lands into individual allotments. Here are some key points about the Dawes Act: Land Allotment: Tribal lands were divided into individual plots, typically ranging from 40 to 160 acres, which were assigned to Native American families and individuals. Citizenship: Native Americans who accepted the allotments and lived separately from their tribes were granted U.S. citizenship. Impact on Tribal Lands: The act led to a significant reduction in the amount of land held by Native American tribes. Much of the remaining land was sold to non-Native settlers. Cultural Impact: The act aimed to encourage Native Americans to adopt farming and a sedentary lifestyle, which often conflicted with their traditional ways of life. The Dawes Act had profound and often detrimental effects on Native American communities, leading to loss of land, cultural disruption, and economic hardship.

Answer 30

A coprolite is fossilized feces from ancient animals, such as dinosaurs, reptiles, or fishes. These fossils provide valuable insights into the diet and behavior of extinct organisms. Here are some interesting facts about coprolites:

Answer 31

northern australia

Answer 32

hunter gathers and polygyny was part of their subsistence

Answer 33

isolation land owning groups called countries flexible/changung bads

Answer 34

mother matrilineal decent group but kinship could be anyone that is close or far away

Answer 35

traditionally polygyny all women must be married at all times no word for an unmarried woman but catholic missionaries successfully put an end to most polygynist marriages

Answer 36

realtionships were more important taboo "pukamai" anything forbidden main religion as well as important ceremoines fro funerals and adulthood and the concept og spirit children

Answer 37

an tiwi initiation ceremony into adulthood that involves yams and was one of the rare occasions the tiwi gathered into large groups`

Answer 38

26k 250 villages in brazil and venezuela

Answer 39

hunter gatheres gardening and forages most of the food comes from the gardens any tool can be manufactured from materials readily available in any village

Answer 40

4 layers of life shamans have access to the heckura myths bodies are cremated the soul is a central part of the spiritual world

Answer 41

husbands are violent and punish their wives cross-cousin marriage is preferred brothers are expected to protect their sisters

Answer 42

villages need but cannot really trust each other

Answer 43

loss of land measles devastating diseases from outsiders

Answer 44

pastoralism and horticulture cattle

Answer 45

they move with the seasons high grounds when it floods and in the dry season sby lakes and ponds

Answer 46

kinbased society groups of families who care for herds of cows

Answer 47

since they fight each other all the time they try to desculate fights before they turn into blood fueds they cleanse the slayer mediate repayment

Answer 48

30,000 children whose villages and homes were destroyed ethiopia some oplaced in the us

Answer 49

mountain villages in china laos thailand and vietnam never were friendly with the chinese

Answer 50

slash and burn agriculture opium poppy growing

Answer 51

patrilineal clans

Answer 52

cross cousin preffered elopement and premarital sex is fine bride price important

Answer 53

equilibrium adn balance super important spirits

Answer 54

healing trances dab neeb

Answer 55

war displaced them from laos refugges when they came to the US they did not want to be americanized

Answer 56

3rd island of hispaniola used to be lush rainforest now most of it is detroyed and cleared

Answer 57

taino they were horticulturalists they were enslaved by the spaniards and hunger disease ravaged the population

Answer 58

spain france

Answer 59

Dr. Carroll Behrhorst significantly impacted anthropology through his community-based health initiatives and empowerment programs for the Kaqchikel Maya in Guatemala

Answer 60

Knowledge, Education, and Empowerment Programs (KEEP): These programs aim to preserve and promote indigenous knowledge and cultural practices. Anthropologists often work with communities to document and support traditional ways of life, ensuring that valuable cultural heritage is not lost 1. Ethnographic Fieldwork: KEEP can also refer to the practice of maintaining detailed records and observations during fieldwork. Anthropologists "keep" extensive notes, photographs, and recordings to accurately capture the nuances of the cultures they study 2. Cultural Preservation: Anthropologists often focus on keeping cultural traditions alive. This involves working with communities to safeguard languages, rituals, and other cultural practices that might be at risk of disappearing 3.

Answer 61

The Pirambu Development Programs are initiatives aimed at improving the lives of residents in the Pirambu favela in Fortaleza, Brazil. These programs focus on various aspects of community development, including: Economic Empowerment: Establishing cooperatives, bakeries, and providing business loans to help residents start and sustain their own businesses 1. Education and Training: Offering classes and activities for children after school to keep them engaged and off the streets 1. Human Rights Advocacy: The Pirambu Center for Human Rights, led by lawyer Airton Barreto, provides free legal defense for residents facing discrimination and other legal challenges 2.

Answer 62

Cultural Significance of Coca: The coca leaf has been a part of Andean culture for thousands of years, used traditionally for medicinal and ritual purposes. Anthropologists study how these traditional uses contrast with the global demand for cocaine 1. Economic Impact: The cocaine industry has significantly impacted Bolivia's economy, especially in rural areas. Small farmers, or "cocaleros," often turn to coca cultivation due to economic necessity. This shift has altered traditional agricultural practices and social structures 1. Political Dynamics: The "Coca Yes, Cocaine No" policy, promoted by former President Evo Morales, distinguishes between the legal cultivation of coca for traditional uses and the illegal production of cocaine. This policy has reshaped local governance and the political landscape, empowering coca growers as a political force 2. Social Consequences: The cocaine trade has led to social issues, including violence, corruption, and environmental degradation. Anthropologists examine these impacts on local communities and the broader societal changes resulting from the drug trade 3.