Final Flashcards
(44 cards)
What foundational idea did Hobbes advocate in “Leviathan”?
Social contract for peace via strong authority
How did Hobbes view human nature?
Pessimistic and conflict-prone
What form of government did Hobbes prefer?
Absolute monarchy
Which philosopher introduced the idea of inalienable rights?
John Locke
According to Locke, what justifies overthrowing a government?
Failure to protect property
What was Montesquieu’s key contribution to American political thought?
Separation of powers
What did Montesquieu believe preserved liberty?
Power should check power
Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
Weak central government
What clause allows Congress to make all laws “necessary and proper”?
Article I, Section 8
What are civil liberties?
Freedoms protected from government interference
What are civil rights?
Rights ensuring equal treatment under the law
What guarantees civil liberties against the states?
14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause
What distinguishes civil rights from civil liberties?
Civil rights require government action
What was the goal of Federalist No. 10?
Control the effects of factions
Why did Madison support a large republic in Federalist 10?
Limits factionalism
What is meant by “double security” in Federalist 51?
Power is divided to protect rights
What are the unique powers of the House?
Originate tax bills, start impeachments
What are the unique powers of the Senate?
Confirm appointments, ratify treaties
What enables courts to overturn unconstitutional laws?
Judicial review
Why is judicial independence vital?
Ensures impartial law application
What are the four features of U.S. judiciary?
Autonomy, hierarchy, judicial review, lifetime appointment
What does civil society include?
Non-governmental groups like schools and associations
How does civil society support democracy?
Builds trust and promotes participation
What is “social capital”?
Trust and cooperation from civic engagement
