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1
Q

What is the Carbon Cycle?

A

The Carbon Cycle is the process by which carbon is exchanged among the atmosphere, land, water, and living organisms.

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2
Q

What is Combustion?

A

Combustion is a rapid chemical reaction when a substance reacts with oxygen, resulting in heat and light.

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3
Q

What are Fossil Fuels?

A

Fossil fuels are naturally occurring energy sources formed from fossilized remains of plants, organisms, and animals over millions of years.

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4
Q

What is Chemical Energy?

A

Chemical Energy is the potential energy stored in chemical bonds between molecules and atoms.

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5
Q

What is Photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is the process of plants using energy from the sun to turn it into chemical energy stored in the form of sugar.

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6
Q

What is Decomposition?

A

Decomposition is the natural process of dead plants, animals, and organisms breaking down into simpler substances.

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7
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

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8
Q

What are Carbonate Rocks?

A

Carbonate rocks are sedimentary rocks made of carbonate minerals, such as calcite and dolomite.

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9
Q

What is Respiration?

A

Respiration is the process of organisms exchanging gases with their environment, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide to produce energy.

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10
Q

What causes the seasons?

A

The cause of the seasons is because of the Earth’s axial tilt of 23.5 degrees when it orbits around the sun.

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11
Q

What is direct sunlight?

A

Direct sunlight is sunlight that reaches a surface directly from the sun. It is the most intense form of sunlight.

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12
Q

What is indirect sunlight?

A

Indirect sunlight is sunlight that is diffused or scattered before it reaches a surface on Earth.

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13
Q

What are the hours of daylight during the summer solstice in Antarctica?

A

During the summer solstice in Antarctica, there is 24 hours of sunlight for 6 months.

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14
Q

What are the hours of daylight during the winter solstice in Antarctica?

A

During the winter solstice in Antarctica, there is 0 hours of sunlight for 6 months.

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15
Q

What are the expected hours of sunlight in CT during summer?

A

In the summer, in CT, there is an expected 12 hours of sunlight per day.

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16
Q

What are the expected hours of sunlight during the summer solstice in CT?

A

During the summer solstice in CT, there is an expected 14-15 hours of sunlight.

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17
Q

What are the expected hours of sunlight during the winter solstice in CT?

A

During the winter solstice in CT, there is an expected 9 hours of sunlight.

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18
Q

What is the tilt of the Earth’s axis?

A

The tilt of the axis is 23.5 degrees. This tilt is responsible for the change of seasons on Earth.

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19
Q

What is the major axis of an ellipse?

A

The major axis of an ellipse is the longest diameter of the ellipse, passing through the center and both foci.

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20
Q

What is eccentricity in relation to an ellipse?

A

The eccentricity of an ellipse is a value between 0 and 1 that describes how close an ellipse is to being a circle.

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21
Q

What is perihelion?

A

The perihelion of an ellipse is the point where the orbiting body is closest to the central body in its elliptical path.

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22
Q

What is aphelion?

A

The aphelion of an ellipse is the point on the elliptical orbit where the orbiting object is farthest from the central body (opposite of perihelion).

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23
Q

What is ozone?

A

Ozone (O3) blocks 98% of the sun’s harmful UV rays and turns it into heat. It is found in the stratosphere.

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24
Q

What are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?

A

Chlorofluorocarbons are a group of chemical compounds containing carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. They have been linked to ozone depletion.

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25
What has replaced chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?
Chlorofluorocarbons have been largely replaced by other compounds like hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which have a lower ozone depletion potential.
26
What are greenhouse gases?
Greenhouse gases include CO2 (carbon dioxide), CH4 (methane), and H2O (water vapor).
27
What is the greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface and atmosphere. It is caused by gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide and methane that trap heat from the sun.
28
What is the greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface and atmosphere. It's caused by gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide and methane that trap heat from the sun, preventing it from escaping into space, like a greenhouse.
29
What is the thermosphere?
The thermosphere is the hottest layer of the atmosphere, where auroras occur.
30
What is the mesosphere?
The mesosphere protects the Earth from meteoroids.
31
What is the stratosphere?
The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
32
What is the troposphere?
The troposphere is the densest layer of the atmosphere, where weather occurs.
33
What is evaporation?
Evaporation is the process by which water turns from a liquid to a gas.
34
What is condensation?
Condensation is the process by which water vapor changes to a liquid.
35
What is cohesion in relation to water?
Cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules.
36
What is evaporation?
Evaporation is the process of which water turns from a liquid to a gas.
37
What is condensation?
Condensation is the process of which water vapor changes to a liquid.
38
What is cohesion?
Cohesion is when water molecules are attracted to each other.
39
What is adhesion?
Adhesion is when water molecules are attracted to other substances or surfaces.
40
What are hydrogen bonds?
Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds between water molecules.
41
What is conduction?
Conduction is the process of heat transfer that occurs through direct contact between two objects within a substance.
42
What is convection?
Convection is the process of transferring heat through moving fluids or gases, driven by the temperature differences within the fluid.
43
What is radiation?
Radiation is the process where heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves, specifically infrared radiation.
44
What is a convergent boundary?
A convergent boundary is a tectonic plate boundary where two plates collide. One plate subducts while the other is pushed up, creating geologic features like mountains, volcanic arcs, and trenches.
45
What is a divergent boundary?
A divergent boundary is a geological feature where tectonic plates move apart from each other, creating space often filled with magma from the Earth's mantle, leading to the formation of new crust. ## Footnote Geologic features include mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys.
46
What is a transform boundary?
A transform boundary is a type of plate boundary where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other. This action does not cause the creation or destruction of crust, but may cause earthquakes.
47
What is a trench?
A trench is a long narrow and deep depression on the ocean floor.
48
What is a volcanic arc?
A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanos formed above a subducting plate.
49
What is a volcanic island arc?
A volcanic island arc is a chain of volcanic islands formed above a subducting plate.
50
What is sea floor spreading?
Sea floor spreading is the process where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge.
51
What is paleomagnetism?
Paleomagnetism is the study of Earth's ancient magnetic field as preserved in rocks and other materials
52
What is a magnetic field?
The magnetic feild describes the magnetic influence on electric currents, moving electrical charges, and magnetic materials. The magnetic feild around Earth protects us from solar winds.
53
What is a continental shelf?
The continental shelf is the area of seabed around a large landmass where the sea is relatively shallow.
54
What is a continental slope?
The continental slope is the slope between the outer edge of the continental shelf and the deep ocean floor.
55
What is a continental rise?
The continental rise is an underwater feature found between the continental slope and the abyssal plain.
56
What is an abyssal plain?
The abyssal plain is the flat, deep ocean floor.
57
What is a midocean ridge?
The midocean ridge is an underwater mountain range formed by tectonic plates.
58
What is the inner core?
The inner core is the solid innermost layer of the Earth.
59
What is the outer core?
The outer core is the liquid layer surrounding the inner core.
60
What is the asthenosphere?
The asthenosphere is the upper part of the mantle, which is semi-molten. It is below the lithosphere.
61
What is the lithosphere?
The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of the Earth, including the crust and upper mantle. It is above the asthenosphere.
62
What is the solid innermost layer of the Earth?
Inner Core
63
What is the liquid layer surrounding the inner core?
Outer Core
64
What is the upper part of the mantle, which is semi molten?
Asthenosphere
65
What is the rigid outer layer of the Earth, including the crust and upper mantle?
Lithosphere
66
What is the layer of the Earth between the crust and the core?
Mantle
67
What is the outermost solid layer of the Earth?
Crust
68
What part of the crust forms continents?
Continental Crust
69
What part of the crust forms the ocean floor?
Oceanic Crust
70
What is density?
The mass of a substance per unit volume
71
What is convection?
The transfer of heat through the movements of fluids
72
What is radioactive decay?
The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy
73
What is half-life?
The time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay
74
What is convection?
The transfer of heat through the movements of fluids.
75
What is radioactive decay?
The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy.
76
What is half life?
The time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay.
77
What is potential energy?
Stored energy.
78
What is kinetic energy?
The energy an object possesses due to its motion.
79
What is chemical energy?
Energy stored in chemical bonds.
80
What is nuclear energy?
Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.
81
Between the lithosphere and asthenosphere which is made of molten rock in which is made of the mantle and crust.
Asthenosphere is made of molten rock, lithosphere is made of the mantle and crust.
82
What is a hot spot?
A hot spot is a location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time, typically due to a mantle plume.
83
True or False: Hot spots can occur anywhere on the Earth's surface.
True
84
Fill in the blank: The Hawaiian Islands were formed by a ________ under the Pacific Plate.
hot spot
85
What is the primary mechanism that creates hot spots?
Mantle plumes rising from deep within the Earth's mantle.
86
Which oceanic plate is associated with the Hawaiian hot spot?
Pacific Plate
87
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a hot spot? A) Long-lived volcanism B) Fixed location C) Associated with tectonic plate boundaries D) Formation of island chains
C) Associated with tectonic plate boundaries
88
True or False: The Yellowstone National Park is located over a hot spot.
True
89
What is the name of the hot spot responsible for the volcanic activity in Yellowstone?
Yellowstone hot spot
90
Fill in the blank: The movement of tectonic plates over a stationary hot spot can create a chain of ________.
islands
91
What is the term used for the surface expression of a hot spot?
Volcano
92
True or False: Hot spots can only be found under oceanic crust.
False
93
Name one example of a hot spot located under continental crust.
Yellowstone hot spot
94
What is the difference between a hot spot and a mid-ocean ridge?
Hot spots are stationary and create volcanism away from tectonic plate boundaries, while mid-ocean ridges are associated with tectonic plate divergence.
95
Fill in the blank: ________ are formed when magma from a hot spot erupts through the ocean floor.
Seamounts
96
What is the term for the molten rock that reaches the Earth's surface from a hot spot?
Lava
97
True or False: The age of volcanic islands decreases as you move away from a hot spot.
True
98
Fill in the blank: The ________ hot spot is known for its unique geological features and geothermal activity.
Yellowstone
99
What is convection like in the Earths mantle?
In the mantle, hot, less dense material rises, and cooler, denser material sinks, driving the movement of tectonic plates.

Earth And Space Science (1 decks)

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