Final

Question 1

A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations is …

Answer 1

A theory

Question 2

The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce successfully is called …

Answer 2

evolution

Question 3

A structure or organ that (usually) serves no useful function in an organism, is called a(n) …

Answer 3

vestigial organ

Question 4

Competition among members of a species for food, living space, and other necessities of life, is called …

Answer 4

struggle for existence

Question 5

Structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues, are called …

Answer 5

homologous structures

Question 6

Structures of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestor, are called

Answer 6

analogous structures

Question 7

An inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival, is called a(n) …

Answer 7

adaptation

Question 8

When humans select certain traits for breeding purposes from the natural variation among different organisms, this is called …

Answer 8

artificial selection

Question 9

The principle that all living things were derived from common ancestors, is called …

Answer 9

Common descent

Question 10

The process by which modern organisms descended from ancient organisms (change over time), is called …

Answer 10

Evolution

Question 11

This person wrote Principles of Geology and explained how Earth could change over time and that Earth was extremely old.

Answer 11

Charles Lyell

Question 12

This person thought that organism acquired traits by using their bodies in new ways (use versus disuse, tendency towards perfection, inheritance of acquired traits).

Answer 12

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Question 13

This person wrote On the Origin of Species, sailed on the HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Islands, and developed the central idea of evolution by natural selection (struggle for existence, natural selection / survival of the fittest)

Answer 13

Charles Darwin

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT evidence of evolution?

Answer 14

Analogous structure

Question 15

True or false? The preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism, is called a fossil.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment, is called ..

Answer 16

Fitness

Question 17

Which type of adaptation does the male Peacock display when it does its courtship dance?

Answer 17

Behavioural

Question 18

Which type of adaptation are the ears of the Desert Fox an example of?

Answer 18

Structural

Question 19

Determining the age of fossils based on how close they are to the surface of the Earth, is ..

Answer 19

Relative dating

Question 20

True or false? Biochemical evidence compares the DNA of different organisms to see how closely related they are.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population forms a …

Answer 21

gene pool

Question 22

Traits that are controlled by more than one gene, such as human height or eye colour, are known as …

Answer 22

polygenic traits

Question 23

The type selection in which individuals of average size have greater fitness than small or large individuals is called …

Answer 23

stabilizing selection

Question 24

The type of selection in which individuals at one end of a curve have the highest fitness is called

Answer 24

directional selection

Question 25

A random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations is known as ...

Answer 25

genetic drift

Question 26

A change in allele frequency that results from the migration of a small subgroup of a population is called ...

Answer 26

the founder effect

Question 27

The evolution of Darwin's finches is an example of ...

Answer 27

speciation

Question 28

Fill in the blank. A primate called the aye-aye is found only on the island of Madagascar. It's ________________ is actually very similar to a woodpecker's because this primate uses it's long middle finger to tap on trees and listen for larvae underneath. It then uses that middle finger to dig out the larvae and consumes them. It is active at night and is arboreal. The fossa, birds of prey, and snakes may eat aye-ayes.

Answer 28

niche

Question 29

The Kaibab squirrel is a subspecies of the Abert's squirrel that formed when a small population became isolated on the north rim of the Grand Canyon. Which type of isolation is this an example of?

Answer 29

geographic isolation

Question 30

Male fireflies use specific light patterns to attract females. Various species display their lights differently; if a male of one species tried to attract the female of another, she would not recognize the light pattern and would not mate with the male. Which type of isolation is this an example of?

Answer 30

behavioural isolation

Question 31

Of the seven recognized species in genus Magicicada, three follow a 17-year mating cycle, while four follow a 13-year cycle. While species with a 17-year cycle emerge every 17 years to breed, species with a 13-year cycle emerge every 13 years. In regions where their geographic range overlaps, their emergence coincides once in every 221 years. Which type of isolation is this an example of?

Answer 31

temporal isolation

Question 32

The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur, is called ...

Answer 32

relative frequency

Question 33

Of the seven recognized species in genus Magicicada, three follow a 17-year mating cycle, while four follow a 13-year cycle. While species with a 17-year cycle emerge every 17 years to breed, species with a 13-year cycle emerge every 13 years. In regions where their geographic range overlaps, their emergence coincides once in every 221 years. Which type of isolation is this an example of?

Answer 33

temporal isolation

Question 34

When allele frequencies remain constant, this is called ...

Answer 34

genetic equilibrium

Question 35

There are two species of fruit fly commonly cultured as live food. The smaller of the two is Drosophila melanogaster, often known as “melanos” or “melos” for short. They have nonexistent wings or they have wings, but the wings do not function properly. The other species of fruit fly cultured as a live food is Drosophila hydei. This species is larger and has large, clearly visible wings which are not functional. Because this species of fly is larger, it is a great food for somewhat bigger fish, frogs, geckos, and so on. Both fruit fly types are bred because they have changes in their DNA sequences that affects genetic information. What event or occurrence are humans taking advantage of when they breed these flies?

Answer 35

mutations

Question 36

The process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments, is called ...

Answer 36

convergent evolution

Question 37

Darwin's finches are an example of which type of evolution?

Answer 37

divergent evolution

Question 38

Allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change. This is known as the ....

Answer 38

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Question 39

Which of the following conditions is NOT required to maintain genetic equilibrium from generation to generation?

Answer 39

There must be random variation

Question 40

If each individual of a population has an equal chance of passing on its alleles to offspring, this is called ...

Answer 40

random mating