Final 2

Question 1

1. In diagram 1 the structure indicated is:
   a. inferior vena cava
   b. accessory hemiazygos vein
   c. azygos vein
   d. thoracic duct

Answer 1

1. In diagram 1 the structure indicated is:
   a. inferior vena cava
   b. accessory hemiazygos vein
   c. azygos vein

d. thoracic duct

Question 2

2. In diagram 2 the structure indicated is:
   a. inferior vena cava
   b. accessory hemiazygos vein
   c. azygos vein
   d. hemiazygos vein

Answer 2

2. In diagram 2 the structure indicated is:
   a. inferior vena cava
   b. accessory hemiazygos vein

c. azygos vein

d. hemiazygos vein

Question 3

3. In diagram 3 the structure indicated is:
   a. fibrous pericardium
   b. epicardium
   c. parietal pericardium
   d. endocardium

Answer 3

3. In diagram 3 the structure indicated is:
   a. fibrous pericardium

b. epicardium

c. parietal pericardium
d. endocardium

Question 4

4. Diagram 4 is depicting what type of circulation?
   a. right dominance
   b. left dominance
   c. combination of right and left dominance
   d. none of the above

Answer 4

4. Diagram 4 is depicting what type of circulation?
   a. right dominance

b. left dominance

c. combination of right and left dominance
d. none of the above

Question 5

5. Which statement is true about the dotted line indicated in diagram 5?
   a. the trachea bifurcates at this level
   b. this is the thoracic inlet
   c. this is the thoracic outlet
   d. it’s located at level T3/T4

Answer 5

5. Which statement is true about the dotted line indicated in diagram 5?

a. the trachea bifurcates at this level

b. this is the thoracic inlet
c. this is the thoracic outlet
d. it’s located at level T3/T4

Question 6

6. In diagram 6 which statement is true about the indicated structure is true?
   a. posterior intercostal arteries branch off it
   b. it’s a branch of the axillary artery
   c. it supplies the breast
   d. it’s covered superficially by the transversus thoracic muscle

Answer 6

6. In diagram 6 which statement is true about the indicated structure is true?
   a. posterior intercostal arteries branch off it
   b. it’s a branch of the axillary artery

c. it supplies the breast

d. it’s covered superficially by the transversus thoracic muscle

Question 7

7. In diagram 7 the joint indicated is what type?
   a. synovial
   b. primary cartilaginous
   c. secondary cartilaginous
   d. fibrous

Answer 7

7. In diagram 7 the joint indicated is what type?

a. synovial

b. primary cartilaginous
c. secondary cartilaginous
d. fibrous

Question 8

8. In diagram 8 the groove caused by azygous vein is indicated by:
   a. A
   b. B
   c. C
   d. D

Answer 8

8. In diagram 8 the groove caused by azygous vein is indicated by:
   a. A
   b. B

c. C

d. D

Question 9

9. In diagram 9 the pulmonary artery is indicated by:
   a. A
   b. B
   c. C
   d. D

Answer 9

9. In diagram 9 the pulmonary artery is indicated by:
   a. A

b. B

c. C
d. D

Question 10

10. In diagram 10 the groove indicated is caused by:
    a. subclavian vein
    b. subclavian artery
    c. anterior scalene muscle
    d. middle scalene muscle

Answer 10

10. In diagram 10 the groove indicated is caused by:

a. subclavian vein

b. subclavian artery
c. anterior scalene muscle
d. middle scalene muscle

Question 11

11. In diagram 11 lesions causing thoracic outlet syndrome are located as indicated.
    a. true
    b. false

Answer 11

11. In diagram 11 lesions causing thoracic outlet syndrome are located as indicated.

a. true

b. false

Question 12

12. In diagram 12 the structure indicated is located (best answer):
    a. 4th intercostal space
    b. 5th intercostal space
    c. 6th intercostal space
    d. varies

Answer 12

12. In diagram 12 the structure indicated is located (best answer):
    a. 4th intercostal space
    b. 5th intercostal space
    c. 6th intercostal space

d. varies

Question 13

13. In diagram 13 the structure indicated is:
    a. costocervical trunk
    b. thyrocervical trunk
    c. transverse thoracic artery
    d. internal thoracic artery

Answer 13

13. In diagram 13 the structure indicated is:

a. costocervical trunk

b. thyrocervical trunk
c. transverse thoracic artery
d. internal thoracic artery

Question 14

14. In diagram 14 the structure indicated is located at which level?
    a. T8/T9
    b. T10
    c. T11
    d. T12

Answer 14

14. In diagram 14 the structure indicated is located at which level?
    a. T8/T9

b. T10

c. T11
d. T12

Question 15

15. In diagram 15 the arrow located at which level?
    a. T2/T3
    b. T3/T4
    c. T4/T5
    d. T5/T6

Answer 15

15. In diagram 15 the arrow located at which level?
    a. T2/T3
    b. T3/T4

c. T4/T5

d. T5/T6

Question 16

16. In diagram 16 the structure indicated is:
    a. innermost intercostal muscle
    b. internal intercostal muscle
    c. external intercostal muscle
    d. transversus thoracis muscle

Answer 16

16. In diagram 16 the structure indicated is:

a. innermost intercostal muscle

b. internal intercostal muscle
c. external intercostal muscle
d. transversus thoracis muscle

Question 17

17. In diagram 17 the passageway indicated is the:
    a. vertical sinus
    b. transverse sinus
    c. posterior sinus
    d. oblique sinus

Answer 17

17. In diagram 17 the passageway indicated is the:
    a. vertical sinus
    b. transverse sinus
    c. posterior sinus

d. oblique sinus

Question 18

18. In diagram 18 the plexus of nerves indicated in the rectangle originate from the:
    a. right phrenic nerve
    b. left phrenic nerve
    c. right vagus nerve
    d. left vagus nerve

Answer 18

18. In diagram 18 the plexus of nerves indicated in the rectangle originate from the:
    a. right phrenic nerve
    b. left phrenic nerve
    c. right vagus nerve

d. left vagus nerve

Question 19

19. In diagram 19 the structure indicated is the:
    a. fossa ovalis
    b. opening of the inferior vena cava
    c. opening of the coronary sinus
    d. opening of a pulmonary vein

Answer 19

19. In diagram 19 the structure indicated is the:
    a. fossa ovalis
    b. opening of the inferior vena cava

c. opening of the coronary sinus

d. opening of a pulmonary vein

Question 20

20. In diagram 20 the structure indicated is:
    a. the moderator band
    b. a papillary muscle
    c. trabeculae carnae
    d. pectinate muscle

Answer 20

20. In diagram 20 the structure indicated is:

a. the moderator band

b. a papillary muscle
c. trabeculae carnae
d. pectinate muscle

Question 21

MACA

21. Most of the lymph of the body reaches the venous system via the thoracic duct which
    a. is located between the azygos vein and the aorta
    b. empties into the angle of junction of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins
    c. passes through the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm
    d. originates at the cisterna chyli

Answer 21

MACA

21. Most of the lymph of the body reaches the venous system via the thoracic duct which

a. is located between the azygos vein and the aorta

b. empties into the angle of junction of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins

c. passes through the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm

d. originates at the cisterna chyli

Question 22

MACA

22. Branches of the arch of the aorta include the
    a. brachiocephalic trunk
    b. left common carotid artery
    c. right subclavian artery
    d. left vertebral artery

Answer 22

MACA

22. Branches of the arch of the aorta include the

a. brachiocephalic trunk

b. left common carotid artery

c. right subclavian artery
d. left vertebral artery

Question 23

MACA

23. The coronary sinus
    a. drains all the venous blood from the heart
    b. opens into the left atrium
    c. receives the great cardiac vein at its left end
    d. receives the small cardiac vein at its right end

Answer 23

MACA

23. The coronary sinus
    a. drains all the venous blood from the heart
    b. opens into the left atrium

c. receives the great cardiac vein at its left end

d. receives the small cardiac vein at its right end

Question 24

MACA

24. Correct statements concerning the coronary circulation include
    a. the right coronary artery courses in the atrioventricular groove
    b. the circumflex artery is a branch of the right coronary artery
    c. the left coronary artery passes between the left auricle and the pulmonary trunk
    d. variations of the coronary arteries and their branching patterns are common

Answer 24

MACA

24. Correct statements concerning the coronary circulation include

a. the right coronary artery courses in the atrioventricular groove

b. the circumflex artery is a branch of the right coronary artery

c. the left coronary artery passes between the left auricle and the pulmonary trunk

d. variations of the coronary arteries and their branching patterns are common

Question 25

MACA 25. The superior thoracic aperture is a. where lesions causing thoracic outlet syndrome is located b. located at the root of the neck c. bounded by the first thoracic vertebra anteriorly d. commonly called the thoracic inlet

Answer 25

MACA 25. The superior thoracic aperture is **_a. where lesions causing thoracic outlet syndrome is located_** **_b. located at the root of the neck_** **_c. bounded by the first thoracic vertebra anteriorly_** **_d. commonly called the thoracic inlet_**

Question 26

26. Correct statements about the left atrioventricular valve include each of the following except a. it is also referred to as the mitral valve b. its cusps are tethered to the papillary muscles by the chordae tendineae c. it is also called the tricuspid valve d. it has cusps which are shaped like a bishop's miter

Answer 26

26. Correct statements about the left atrioventricular valve include each of the following except a. it is also referred to as the mitral valve b. its cusps are tethered to the papillary muscles by the chordae tendineae **_c. it is also called the tricuspid valve_** d. it has cusps which are shaped like a bishop's miter

Question 27

27. In an adult, the mediastinum contains each of the following except the a. heart b. aorta c. pericardium D.thymus

Answer 27

27. In an adult, the mediastinum contains each of the following except the a. heart b. aorta c. pericardium **_D.thymus_**

Question 28

28. One completion is inaccurate. Which one is it? The heart is a. a hollow muscular organ b. normally slightly larger than a clenched fist c. placed obliquely in the thorax d. situated so that most of its anterior surface consists of the left ventricle

Answer 28

28. One completion is inaccurate. Which one is it? The heart is a. a hollow muscular organ b. normally slightly larger than a clenched fist c. placed obliquely in the thorax **_d. situated so that most of its anterior surface consists of the left ventricle_**

Question 29

29. Which completion is inaccurate? The right atrium a. forms the right border of the heart between the superior and inferior venae cavae b. receives blood from the venae cavae and the coronary sinus c. has a rough-walled part consisting of trabeculae carnae d. has a shallow translucent depression called the fossa ovalis

Answer 29

29. Which completion is inaccurate? The right atrium a. forms the right border of the heart between the superior and inferior venae cavae b. receives blood from the venae cavae and the coronary sinus **_c. has a rough-walled part consisting of trabeculae carnae_** d. has a shallow translucent depression called the fossa ovalis

Question 30

30. One completion is incorrect. Which one is it? The root of the right lung normally contains a. two pulmonary arteries b. two pulmonary veins c. bronchus d. lymph nodes

Answer 30

30. One completion is incorrect. Which one is it? The root of the right lung normally contains **_a. two pulmonary arteries_** b. two pulmonary veins c. bronchus d. lymph nodes

Question 31

31. Each of the following statements about the azygos system of veins is correct except a. it consists of veins on each side of the vertebral column b. it drains the back and walls of the thorax and abdomen c. its tributaries vary d. the hemiazygos vein receives the three superior posterior intercostal veins

Answer 31

31. Each of the following statements about the azygos system of veins is correct except a. it consists of veins on each side of the vertebral column b. it drains the back and walls of the thorax and abdomen c. its tributaries vary **_d. the hemiazygos vein receives the three superior posterior intercostal veins_**

Question 32

32. Each of the following statements about the thoracic duct is correct except a. passes superiorly from the cisterns chyli b. conveys lymph of the body to the venous system c. traverses the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm on the right side of the aorta d. empties into the right subclavian vein

Answer 32

32. Each of the following statements about the thoracic duct is correct except a. passes superiorly from the cisterns chyli b. conveys lymph of the body to the venous system c. traverses the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm on the right side of the aorta **_d. empties into the right subclavian vein_**

Question 33

33. Which statement about the lungs is not correct: a. The left lung normally has a groove/impression formed by the azygos vein. b. The left lung normally has an oblique fissure c. The right lung does normally have a cardiac impression d. The left lung normally has 2 lobes

Answer 33

33. Which statement about the lungs is not correct: **_a. The left lung normally has a groove/impression formed by the azygos vein._** b. The left lung normally has an oblique fissure c. The right lung does normally have a cardiac impression d. The left lung normally has 2 lobes

Question 34

34. Which statement about the sternal angle is not correct a. it indicates the level of the 2nd costal cartilages b. it is an important bony landmark that is a reference point for counting the ribs c. it indicates where the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum d. it lies at the level of the intervertebral disc between T3 and T4 vertebra

Answer 34

34. Which statement about the sternal angle is not correct a. it indicates the level of the 2nd costal cartilages b. it is an important bony landmark that is a reference point for counting the ribs c. it indicates where the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum **_d. it lies at the level of the intervertebral disc between T3 and T4 vertebra_**

Question 35

35. Which statement about the thoracic muscles is not correct a. The transversus thoracis is deep to the internal thoracic artery b. The lateral pectoral nerve supplies both pectoralis major muscle and pectoralis minor muscle c. There are eleven pairs of external intercostal muscles d. The internal intercostal muscles are replaced by the internal intercostal membranes posteriorly

Answer 35

35. Which statement about the thoracic muscles is not correct a. The transversus thoracis is deep to the internal thoracic artery **_b. The lateral pectoral nerve supplies both pectoralis major muscle and pectoralis minor muscle_** c. There are eleven pairs of external intercostal muscles d. The internal intercostal muscles are replaced by the internal intercostal membranes posteriorly

Question 36

36. Which statement about the first rib is correct a. The posterior groove on its superior surface transmits the subclavian vein b. It is a typical rib c. Its superior surface is marked by two shallow grooves, separated by a slight bony ridge d. It is broad and flat and articulates at the sternal angle

Answer 36

36. Which statement about the first rib is correct a. The posterior groove on its superior surface transmits the subclavian vein b. It is a typical rib **_c. Its superior surface is marked by two shallow grooves, separated by a slight bony ridge_** d. It is broad and flat and articulates at the sternal angle

Question 37

37. Which statement about the female breast is correct a. It may present the tail of Cooper b. It has ligaments of Spence c. The location of the nipple is reliable d. Most of the lymph from the breast drains into the axillary lymph nodes

Answer 37

37. Which statement about the female breast is correct a. It may present the tail of Cooper b. It has ligaments of Spence c. The location of the nipple is reliable **_d. Most of the lymph from the breast drains into the axillary lymph nodes_**

Question 38

38. Which of the following statements concerning the pleura is correct a. The suprapleural membrane of Sibson protects the diaphragmatic pleura b. Normally the visceral and parietal layers of pleura are widely separated c. Diaphragmatic and costal parietal pleura form a narrow slit like recess d. The visceral pleural is loosely attached to the surface of the lung

Answer 38

38. Which of the following statements concerning the pleura is correct a. The suprapleural membrane of Sibson protects the diaphragmatic pleura b. Normally the visceral and parietal layers of pleura are widely separated **_c. Diaphragmatic and costal parietal pleura form a narrow slit like recess_** d. The visceral pleural is loosely attached to the surface of the lung

Question 39

39. An aspirated peanut is more likely to lodge in the right lung a. True b. False

Answer 39

39. An aspirated peanut is more likely to lodge in the right lung **a. True** b. False

Question 40

40. Which statement(s) concerning the internal thoracic artery is correct a. It can be used for coronary artery bypass grafting b. The transversus thoracis muscle lies on its deep aspect c. The anterior intercostal arteries branch off it d. All of the above

Answer 40

40. Which statement(s) concerning the internal thoracic artery is correct a. It can be used for coronary artery bypass grafting b. The transversus thoracis muscle lies on its deep aspect c. The anterior intercostal arteries branch off it **_d. All of the above_**

Question 41

41. In the hilar region of the right lung the pulmonary artery is a. Posterior to the bronchus b. Anterior to the bronchus c. Inferior to the bronchus d. Superior to the bronchus

Answer 41

41. In the hilar region of the right lung the pulmonary artery is a. Posterior to the bronchus **_b. Anterior to the bronchus_** c. Inferior to the bronchus d. Superior to the bronchus

Question 42

42. Which of the following statements about the ribs are correct a. Vertebrosternal (true) ribs do not articulate with the sternum directly b. Vertebrochondral (false) ribs do articulate with the sternum directly c. True ribs constitute the first 8 ribs d. All typical ribs have two facets that articulate with the demifacets of the vertebral bones

Answer 42

42. Which of the following statements about the ribs are correct a. Vertebrosternal (true) ribs do not articulate with the sternum directly b. Vertebrochondral (false) ribs do articulate with the sternum directly c. True ribs constitute the first 8 ribs **_d. All typical ribs have two facets that articulate with the demifacets of the vertebral bones_**

Question 43

43. Which statement(s) about the venous drainage of the heart is correct a. The anterior cardiac veins drain into the right atrium b. The middle cardiac vein is the major drainage of the anterior aspect of the heart c. The great cardiac vein is the major drainage of the posterior aspect of the heart d. The coronary sinus empties into the left atrium

Answer 43

43. Which statement(s) about the venous drainage of the heart is correct **_a. The anterior cardiac veins drain into the right atrium_** b. The middle cardiac vein is the major drainage of the anterior aspect of the heart c. The great cardiac vein is the major drainage of the posterior aspect of the heart d. The coronary sinus empties into the left atrium

Question 44

44. Which statement(s) about joints of the thoracic wall is correct a. The costochondral joints are secondary cartilaginous joints b. The interchondral joints are fibrous joints c. The radiating ligaments are part of the articular capsules of the costovertebral joints d. The 1st sternocostal joint articulates with the sternal angle

Answer 44

44. Which statement(s) about joints of the thoracic wall is correct a. The costochondral joints are secondary cartilaginous joints b. The interchondral joints are fibrous joints **_c. The radiating ligaments are part of the articular capsules of the costovertebral joints_** d. The 1st sternocostal joint articulates with the sternal angle

Question 45

45. Which statement(s) about the blood supply of the heart is correct a. The ‘widow maker’ passes in the posterior interventricular sulcus/groove b. The circumflex artery is a branch of the right coronary artery c. The right coronary artery is shorter than the left coronary artery d. Variations of the coronary arteries and their branching patterns are not rare

Answer 45

45. Which statement(s) about the blood supply of the heart is correct a. The ‘widow maker’ passes in the posterior interventricular sulcus/groove b. The circumflex artery is a branch of the right coronary artery c. The right coronary artery is shorter than the left coronary artery **_d. Variations of the coronary arteries and their branching patterns are not rare_**

Question 46

46. In a posterior anterior x-ray of the thorax the inferior border of the heart is mainly formed by the a. Right atrium b. Right ventricle c. Left atrium d. Left ventricle

Answer 46

46. In a posterior anterior x-ray of the thorax the inferior border of the heart is mainly formed by the a. Right atrium **_b. Right ventricle_** c. Left atrium d. Left ventricle

Question 47

47. Which one of these structures constrict the esophagus a. Trachea b. right main bronchus c. aorta d. None of the above

Answer 47

47. Which one of these structures constrict the esophagus a. Trachea b. right main bronchus **_c. aorta_** d. None of the above

Question 48

48. Most of the base of the heart consist of: a. left ventricle b. left atrium c. right atrium d. right ventricle

Answer 48

48. Most of the base of the heart consist of: a. left ventricle **_b. left atrium_** c. right atrium d. right ventricle

Question 49

49. Which of the following ribs is atypical a. 7th b. 6th c. 4th d. 2nd

Answer 49

49. Which of the following ribs is atypical a. 7th b. 6th c. 4th **_d. 2nd_**

Question 50

50. Which statement(s) about the splanchnic nerves is correct a. The roots of the Greater Splanchnic nerve are from T4 to T10 b. The roots of the Lesser Splanchnic nerve are from T10 to T11 c. The roots of the Least Splanchnic are from T11 to T12 d. None of the above

Answer 50

50. Which statement(s) about the splanchnic nerves is correct a. The roots of the Greater Splanchnic nerve are from T4 to T10 **_b. The roots of the Lesser Splanchnic nerve are from T10 to T11_** c. The roots of the Least Splanchnic are from T11 to T12 d. None of the above