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Patho Final Exam > Final #2 > Flashcards

Final #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

excess fluid in kidney caused by backed up urine

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2
Q

Medullary sponge Kidney

A

is a congenital disorder of the kidneys characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules in one or both kidneys. Individuals with medullary sponge kidney are at increased risk for kidney stones and urinary tract infection (UTI).

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3
Q

Perineum

A

the area between the anus and the scrotum or vulva.

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4
Q

symphysis pubis

A

cartilaginous joint that sits between and joins the left and right superior rami of the pubic bones. It is located in front of and below the urinary bladder.

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5
Q

Labia

A

inner and outer folds of the vulva on either side of the vagina

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6
Q

Vestibular glands

A

“bartholins glands”, lie on either side of the vagina and create secretions during intercourse

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7
Q

FSH and LH

A

are secreted by the anterior pituitary by GnRH. FSH and LH( drive the ovarian cycle). FSH helps with the development of ovarian follicles which secrete Estrogen/progesterone (drive menstrual cycle, puberty)

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8
Q

Bulbouethral glands secrete

A

semen; responsible for 5% of the fluid portion of semen a clear fluid that is secreted during intercourse that helps neutralize the acidity of residual urine in the urethra

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9
Q

prostate gland

A

30% of the fluid portion of semen, thin milky fluid that neutralizes the acidity of the male urethra and vagina. It also enhances sperm motility

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10
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

secrete a thick yellowish fluid that activate and nourish sperm

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11
Q

Testes

A

reside in the scrotum and produce sperm, outside of the body because sperm require a lower temperature then the rest of the body.

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12
Q

Epididymis

A

part of the duct system that allows sperm to leave the body

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13
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

tightly coiled, sperm producing factories within the testes

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14
Q

smegma

A

waxy substance that cover foreskin

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15
Q

Most important Cervical Cancer R/F

A

HPV

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16
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

The AMPULLA in the fallopian tube

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17
Q

preeclampsia

A

occurs after 20 weeks, high blood pressure and protein in the urine, swollen puffy eyes, blurred vision and severe headache.

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18
Q

endometriosis

A

tissue that normally lies inside of the uterus lies outside of the uterus

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19
Q

gestational diabetes

A

insufficient insulin levels caused by pregnancy, idiopathic, RF include hx of gestational diabetes, obese, prediabetic, age, family hx of type 2 diabetes

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20
Q

uterine prolapse

A

uterus comes through vagina

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21
Q

Syphillis can occur how many years after the first infection?

A

10-15 years

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22
Q

Pituitary has most control of our bodies?

True or False

A

True

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23
Q

Oxytocin’s primary target

A

Breast

24
Q

Etiology of a simple goiter?

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland, iodine deficiency, eating goiter producing foods (soy, peanuts, spinach, peaches, brussel sprouts) inhibit the production of TH.

25
Q

Addison’s disease

A

adrenal glands don’t produce enough hormones

26
Q

Crohns disease

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

27
Q

neuron

A

basic unit of the nervous system

28
Q

temporal lobe

A

sense and ability to understand spoken language

29
Q

Parietal lobe

A

interpreting meaning of incoming signals that arrive from opposite side of the body

30
Q

The use of aspirin during chicken pox and flu are at risk for developing?

A

Reye Syndrome

31
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

sadness, guilt, worthlessness, and hopelessness; irritability; loss of interest in activities that used to be pleasurable; insom- nia or excessive sleep; change in appetite; difficulty concentrating, thinking, or making decisions; and frequent thoughts of death, dying, or suicide.

32
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone forming cells

33
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

34
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone reabsorbing cells

35
Q

osteomata

A

benign tumor, normally on the brain, bone growing on bone

36
Q

periosteum

A

covers the surface of bones

37
Q

ligament

A

articulating bones, hold freely moving joints together

38
Q

tendons

A

connect muscle to bones

39
Q

growth plate

A

area of cartilage at each expanded edge of bone

40
Q

scoliosis

A

sideways curvature of the spine, occurs most often at a growth spurt before puberty

41
Q

ankylosis

A

abnormal stiffening of a joint and immobility

42
Q

lordosis

A

a curving inward of lower spine

43
Q

kyphosis

A

forward rounding of the back

44
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

The pathogenesis involves rheumatoid factors that form antibody complexes in the synovial fluid. This attracts neutrophils into the joint, which cause inflammation and destruction of the synovial joint tissues.

45
Q

Gout

A

affects the joints of the feet, particularly the metatarso- phalangeal joint of the great toe. most common in men over age 40 and post menopausal women

46
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

diagnoses through family hx, physical exam, electromyography which is used to test muscle/nerve function

47
Q

Accumulation and resultant of jaundice

A

related to liver disease, build up of bilirubin which is normally excreted in bile and urine

48
Q

capitis

A

t occurs most commonly in children; however, it can also occur in adults, an infection with a type of fungus called a dermatophyte. dry scaling, yellow, matted hair

49
Q

Cruris

A

jock itch, groin and inner and upper thighs

50
Q

pedis

A

athletes foot, most common type of tinea, soles of foot between toes

51
Q

corpoi

A

body ringworm, itchy patches, highly contagious but not serious

52
Q

uritcaria

A

Hives, allergic reaction, 20% of population suffers from hives

53
Q

rosacea

A

is an inflammatory skin disorder that causes facial erythema, incurable

54
Q

psoriasis

A

s a chronic skin disease characterized by scaling and inflammation. Of the many forms of psoriasis, plaque psoria- sis accounts for 80% of cases. Typically found on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back, plaque psoriasis is characterized by raised, inflamed, red lesions covered by a silvery white scale

55
Q

eczema

A

atopic dermatitis, itchy, scaly, red

56
Q

Melanoma symptoms

A

a change in the shape, color, size, or feel of an existing mole. ABCDE to remember what to look for. Asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving

Patho Final Exam (2 decks)

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