Final 2015

Question 1

Situations in which the requirements of interdependence are unknown are situations of _____________.

Answer 1

vague interdependence

Question 2

______ are sets of expected behaviors.

Answer 2

Roles

Question 3

_______ are rules for behavior in a situation.

Answer 3

Norms

Question 4

________ are forces that attract people to each other in a situation.

Answer 4

Relationship cohesiveness

Question 5

The _______ ‘self’ is our belief about our unique personal traits, abilities, preferences, tastes, talents, etc.

Answer 5

Individual

Question 6

The ________ ‘self’ is our beliefs about our identities as members of social groups to which we belong.

Answer 6

Collective

Question 7

_________ are cognitive structures, derived from past experience, that represent a person’s beliefs and feelings about the self in particular domains.

Answer 7

self-schemas

Question 8

The ________ ‘self’ is our beliefs about our identities in specific relationships.

Answer 8

Relational

Question 9

3 Principles of Human Social Life:

Answer 9

1. humans are constantly searching for safety in interdependence.
2. for humans, certain forms of interdependence are experienced as safe.
3. As we search for safety, we have to adapt to a situation of vague interdependence.

Question 10

Learning the basic features of situations makes our social world ________ and makes us feel competent and ______. This gives us _______ _______ _____ to interdependence.

Answer 10

predictable; safe; primary group orientation

Question 11

What kind of social motivation is set in motion by situations of vague interdependence?

Answer 11

motivation to find a role for self.

Question 12

Vague interdependences causes _______ about response interference.

Answer 12

tension

Question 13

3 characteristics of Primary Group Orientation:

Answer 13

1. script for how good interdependence is set up and how we fit into that good interdependence.
2. result of lessons learned
3. Exogenous

Question 14

A kind of faulty thinking by highly cohesive groups in which the critical scrutiny that should be devoted to the issues at hand is subverted by social pressures to reach consensus.

Answer 14

Groupthink

Question 15

_____ is unselfish behavior that benefits others without regard to consequences for the self.

Answer 15

altruism

Question 16

A motive for helping those in distress that may arise from a need to reduce our own distress.

Answer 16

Personal distress

Question 17

___________ is giving assistance to someone in need on the part of those who have witnessed an emergency.

Answer 17

Bystander intervention

Question 18

If we have any chance of being in a real and healthy relationship we must develop ____________ knowledge

Answer 18

authentic-self

Question 19

when we are honest with ourselves about our strengths and limitations we call that _________________. This also requires that we make ourselves vulnerable.

Answer 19

authentic-self knowledge

Question 20

_________are the things we know about ourselves.

Answer 20

self-concept

Question 21

________ is our evaluation of those things we know about ourselves.

Answer 21

self-esteem

Question 22

What are 3 ways we develop knowledge of the self?

Answer 22

1. looking-glass self
2. rely on reflected appraisals
3. in what situations does the self influence behavior

Question 23

What are two major ways to think about the “self”?

Answer 23

1. self as knower(actively experiencing an event) or the “I”

2. Self as known (the self we experience when we become the object of our own observation) or the “ME”

Question 24

_______ theory is the theory that the individual has unwittingly constructed about themselves.

Answer 24

Self

Question 25

Leary & Baumiester (2002) said that ______ is an internal psychological monitor of something that is very important to people (ie. social belongingness).
monitors how people react and the quality of an individuals actual relationships

Answer 25

the self

Question 26

The __________ system is made up of those cognitive processes that serve to reduce the vast amount of info that floods most peoples lives (to avoid overload).

Answer 26

Cognitive Economic

Question 27

The _____________ theory say that we are motivated to keep components consistent with each other.

Answer 27

Cognitive Consistency

Question 28

Cognitive ________ is the belief that the self is a cognitive shortcut (meaning to summarize someone or something)

Answer 28

Heuristics - or the intuitive mental operation that allows us to make a variety of judgments quickly and efficiently.

Question 29

_________ theory says that elements in an inconsistent relation to each other creates psychological tension.

Answer 29

Dissonance (LEON FESTINGER, 1957)

the greater the psychological dissonance the greater the pressure to reduce that dissonance - its painful

Question 30

Two Attributional Goals:

Answer 30

1. to predict how the other person will behave interpersonally
2. to gauge whether their attitude toward the relationship matches ours.

Question 31

What are the 2 cognitive biases that arise in the attribution process?

Answer 31

1. Fundamental attribution error

2. actor-observer difference

Question 32

_____is the tendency to explain our own behavior in situational terms and the behavior of our partner whom we observe in dispositional terms.

Answer 32

Actor-observer difference

Question 33

______is the general tendency to discount situational causes and emphasize dispositional causes as influences on another persons behavior.

Answer 33

Fundamental attribution error

Question 34

Six steps toward the management of Interference:

Answer 34

1. find time to discuss issue as a dyad
2. admit your own tendencies (honest self disclosure)
3. listen for your partners strengths and weaknesses
4. Be reasonable
5. work toward agreeable behavioral strategies (turn-taking)
6. Not all dyads are viable

Question 35

____________ is the idea that group behavior is a system of reciprical interactions between groups and individuals.

Answer 35

Group Dynamics

Question 36

According to the text, what are the group dynamics of the bystander intervention?

Answer 36

Helping behavior

Question 37

_________ occurs when a group faced with a stressful decision becomes more concerned with reaching a unanimous agreement that with evaluations the facts of the situation.

Answer 37

Groupthink

Question 38

Three conditions that lead to groupthink:

Answer 38

1. provocative situation
2. structural faults in communication.
3. usually a cohesive group of decision makers

Question 39

_____ & ________ (1970) created a model of helping behavior in emergency situations.

Answer 39

Latane; Darley

Question 40

3 stages of the Attribution Process:

Answer 40

1. observation of an action
2. judgment of intention
3. dispositional attribution (find a label for their disposition)

Question 41

_____ is a negative attitude of affective response toward a certain group and its individual members.

Answer 41

Prejudice

Question 42

Situations of Vague Interdependence are characterized by:

Answer 42

Being outside the normal flow of your interdependent interactions and by being without clear roles, norms and relationship cohesiveness.

Question 43

____________ causes us to face the “Who am I?” question.

Answer 43

Interdependent Tension

Question 44

Leary & Baumiester describe 2 ways the self system functions:

Answer 44

1. designed to monitor and respond to how other people are reacting to us (positively or negatively) (CL)
2. monitors the quality of an individuals actual and potential relationships (to the degree to which others value the relationship w/ the individual) (CLalt)