Final

Question 1

Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors?

Answer 1

Blood level of a hormone
Nervous stimuli
Blood level of glucose
Blood level of an ion-like potassium

Question 2

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of

Answer 2

ADH - Antidiaretic hormone

Question 3

Growth hormone does all of the following

Answer 3

promotes bone growth
is glucose sparing
promotes muscle growth
promotes amino acid uptake by cells

Question 4

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?

Answer 4

increased oxygen consumption
increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation
increased heart rate
increased body temperature

Question 5

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of

Answer 5

Hypothyroidism

Question 6

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

Answer 6

Calcitonin

Question 7

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

Answer 7

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

Question 8

The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces

Answer 8

glucocorticoids

Question 9

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is

Answer 9

glucagon [cortisol]

Question 10

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

Answer 10

insulin

Question 11

The interstitial cells of the testes produce

Answer 11

testosterone

Question 12

The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is

Answer 12

inhibin

Question 13

Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of

Answer 13

progesterone

Question 14

Which of the following is not an action of estrogen?
stimulate bone growth
maintains accessory reproductive organs
mimics the symptoms of menopause
initiates repair of the endometrium
maintains female secondary sex characteristics

Answer 14

mimics symptoms of menopause

Question 15

Secondary sexual characteristics…

Answer 15

May develop in response to testosterone

May develop in response to estrogen

Question 16

The functional unit of the urinary system is the

Answer 16

nepron

Question 17

T/F: A pressure gradient for filtration is created as the afferent arteriole is of larger diameter than the efferent arteriole within renal corpuscle?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Filtrate contains all of the following except
Water
Erythrocytes
Glucose
Urea

Answer 18

Erythrocytes

Question 19

Which stage of urine formation involves 99% of the filtrate moving back into blood?

Answer 19

Reabsorption

Question 20

T/F: Aldosterone has an effect on increasing sodium reabsorption in the nephron which causes water retention thereby increasing blood pressure.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Most reabsorption of filtrate takes place at the

Answer 21

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 22

Excess H+ ions are deposited in to the urine during which stage of urine formation?

Answer 22

secretion

Question 23

Urine is primarily composed of

Answer 23

water

Question 24

What is the formula for net filtration pressure?

Answer 24

NFP = BCOP - (CFP + GBHP)

Question 25

T/F: Changes in net filtration pressure affects GFR, filtration stops if GBHP drops functions normally with mean arterial pressures 80 - 180

Answer 25

True

Question 26

How does air enter the respiratory 'tree'?

Answer 26

Primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > bronchioles > terminal broncioles > respiratory bronchioles > alveolar ducts > alveoli

Question 27

A function of type 2 alveolar cells is to

Answer 27

produce surfactant

Question 28

What are the principal muscles of inspiration?

Answer 28

diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 29

T/F: Boyles Law states: If the size of a closed container increases, the pressure within the closed container decreases; if the size of a closed container decreases, the pressure within the closed container increases

Answer 29

True

Question 30

When the pressure in the lungs is greater than atmospheric pressure, ---- occurs

Answer 30

Expiration

Question 31

What is the volume of air present in the lungs after forceful respiration?

Answer 31

Residual volume

Question 32

Carbon dioxide is transported by which mechanism?

Answer 32

combined to hemoglobin

Question 33

T/F: If blood carbon dioxide levels increase, then blood pH will decrease

Answer 33

True

Question 34

T/F: External Respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and tissues

Answer 34

False (Internal Respiration)

Question 35

The tidal volume is the

Answer 35

volume of air moved in and out of the lungs in a single quiet breath

Question 36

During swallowing, the nasal cavity is closed off by the soft palate and the...

Answer 36

uvula

Question 37

The process of mastication results in

Answer 37

mechanical mixing of food with saliva and shaping of food into a bolus

Question 38

The regular contractions of the muscularis that push food through the entire gastrointestinal tract are know as

Answer 38

peristalsis

Question 39

The salivary enzyme amylase functions to digest

Answer 39

carbohydrates

Question 40

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach changes pepsinogen into --- for the breakdown of ---

Answer 40

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach changes pepsinogen into pepsin for the breakdown of proteins

Question 41

Intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells of the stomach is required for

Answer 41

absorption of vitamin B12

Question 42

``` Gastric emptying is stimulated by all of the following except: distention of the stomach gastrin CCK partially digested proteins the vagus nerve ```

Answer 42

???

Question 43

The intestinal enzyme that functions to digest fat is

Answer 43

lipase

Question 44

The pancrease, perfectly capable of digesting itself, functions as:

Answer 44

Both an endocrine and an exocrine gland

Question 45

``` Which of the following has the lowest pH: saliva gastric juice pancreatic juice bile intestinal juice ```

Answer 45

gastric juice (most acidic)