Final

Question 0

Describes the genotype of a trait for which the two alleles an individual carries differ from each other (Aa)

Answer 0

Heterozygous

Question 1

Describes the genotype of a trait for which the alleles are the same (AA or aa)

Answer 1

Homozygous

Question 2

The allele which is expressed

Answer 2

Dominant

Question 3

The impact of a single gene on more than once characteristic is called? Ex: sickle cell anemia

Answer 3

Pleiotrophy

Question 4

The law of __________ states: allele pairs for different genes separate independently in meiosis, so the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait.

Answer 4

Independent assortment

Question 5

Sex linked traits are carried on the ____ chromosome.

Answer 5

X

Question 6

The exception to mendel’s law do independent assortment are?

Answer 6

Linked genes

Question 7

The physical expression of a trait is:

Answer 7

Phenotype

Question 8

The genetic code for a trait is:

Answer 8

Genotype

Question 9

Which of the scientists came up with the accepted theory of evolution in his book “the origin of species?”

Answer 9

Charles Darwin

Question 10

When there is a change in allele frequency within a population

Answer 10

Evolution

Question 11

__________ is an alteration of the base pair sequence in the DNA of an individual’s gamete producing cells that changes an alleles frequency

Answer 11

Mutation

Question 12

A random change in allele frequencies, unrelated to any alleles influence or reproductive success is known as?

Answer 12

Genetic drift

Question 13

__________ occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population.

Answer 13

Genetic drift: founder effect

Question 14

________ occurs when the population is reduced for at least one generation due to catastrophic event. Ex: cheetahs

Answer 14

Genetic drift: bottleneck effect

Question 15

_______ occurs when a group of individuals leave one population to join another separate population.

Answer 15

Migration/gene flow

Question 16

Divergent evolution is?

Answer 16

The accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually due isolation from the original population (common ancestor)

Question 17

Convergent evolution is?

Answer 17

The process whereby organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches

Question 18

Convergent evolution can occur only when two species:

Answer 18

Evolve under similar selective forces

Question 19

When humans breed animals for a specific trait ________ has occurred.

Answer 19

Artificial selection

Question 20

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

Answer 20

Double helix

Question 21

The set of nucleotide bases on the DNA that codes for a protein is a?

Answer 21

Gene

Question 22

A four part structure that forms during the prophase of meiosis 1 and consists of two homologous structures

Answer 22

Tetrad/bivalent

Question 23

An alternative form of a gene?

Answer 23

Allele

Question 24

What are the three stages of interphase?

Answer 24

G1, synthesis, G2

Question 25

Synthesis of DNA occurs in which stage of interphase?

Answer 25

Synthesis

Question 26

A pseudogene is best defined as?

Answer 26

A false gene which no longer codes for a product

Question 27

In asexual reproduction, daughter. Ellis inherit their DNA from?

Answer 27

A single parent

Question 28

What is occurring during the anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 28

The chromatids are being pulled apart towards the poles

Question 29

The results of mitosis Are?

Answer 29

2 diploid cells

Question 30

The results of meiosis are?

Answer 30

4 haploid cells

Question 31

Crossing over occurs during?

Answer 31

Prophase 1

Question 32

Crossing over is?

Answer 32

A process occurring during meiosis when two chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material

Question 33

The three types of point mutations are?

Answer 33

Substitution, insertion, deletion

Question 34

The majority of most eukaryotic cells spend the majority of their life in?

Answer 34

Interphase

Question 35

Mitosis is important for?

Answer 35

Growth and repair

Question 36

Meiosis is important for?

Answer 36

Sexual reproduction

Question 37

The majority of our DNA contains non coding areas. What is this non coding DNA called?

Answer 37

Introns

Question 38

Where does translation occur within the cell?

Answer 38

Cytoplasm

Question 39

Neurons are in this sub-state of interphase indefinitely and do no undergo mitosis:

Answer 39

G0

Question 40

Prokaryotic cells divide via:

Answer 40

Binary fission

Question 41

The correct order of the stages of mitosis are?

Answer 41

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 42

The division of the cytoplasm creating two distinct cells in mitosis is known as?

Answer 42

Cytokinesis

Question 43

The main benefit of asexual reproduction is?

Answer 43

Genetic similarity

Question 44

The organisms: animals, fungi, Protozoa, and algae have which type of cell?

Answer 44

Eukaryotes

Question 45

The organisms: bacteria and archaea have while type of cells?

Answer 45

Prokaryote

Question 46

The movement of molecules from am area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Answer 46

Diffusion

Question 47

Eukaryotic cells may contain all of the following except?

Answer 47

Circular DNA

Question 48

Which organelle is involved in cellular respiration?

Answer 48

Mitochondria

Question 49

How are enzymes named?

Answer 49

The first part is the name of the substrate; the second part is the type of reaction and ends on -ase

Question 50

The ETC in cellular respiration occurs where?

Answer 50

The cytoplasm

Question 51

The result of the ETC following ps1 in photosynthesis is?

Answer 51

The production of NADPH

Question 52

The result of the ETC following ps2 in photosynthesis is?

Answer 52

The production of ATP

Question 53

________ is an energy-using process by which cells absorb molecules by engulfing them

Answer 53

Endocytosis

Question 54

The stage of cellular respiration which occurs in the cytoplasm is?

Answer 54

Glycolysis

Question 55

The spontaneous movement of solvent molecules through a particularly permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration is known as?

Answer 55

Osmosis