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Family Therapy Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Psychodynamic

What is the primary dynamic theory in Family Therapy?

A

Object Relations

- The focus on interpersonal relationships bribes the gap between analysis and family therapy.

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2
Q

Psychodynamic

Normal Family Development

A
  • Healthy family development is dependent on the early development of the members of the family.
  • Health of the individual is dependent on that individual’s ego relations.
  • Reliable love and caring early relationships
  • Mother’s must have secure sense of self, capacity for empathy, and offer a model of ideation.
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3
Q

Psychodynamic

Behavior Disorders

A

Poor adjustment is the result of an undifferentiated family ego mass.

  • Parents cannot view their children as emotionally separate.
  • This lack of emotional differentiation from family results in the utilization of family members in intrapsychic conflict.
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4
Q

Psychodynamic

Family Therapy

A
  • Intrapsychic restructuring
  • Family members are freed from unconscious restrictions
  • Family members learn to accept pieces of themselves that they have split off
  • Listening, empathy, interpretation, analytic neutrality
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5
Q

Psychodynamic

Projective Identification

A
  • Attributes of the self are attributed to another person.
  • The other individual is complicit in this projective process by behaving in accordance with the projected attitudes and behaviors.
  • Not a process of transmission, but an interactive interchange that brings out latent personality traits of both parties.
  • This often occurs when parents struggle to view themselves as separate from their children. Family members are use to act out unconscious intrapsychic desires.
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6
Q

Psychodynamic

Interpretation

A
  • Statements about the meaning of unconscious content.
  • Not opinion or advice
  • Highlight aspects of client behavior or thought
  • The hope is that highlighting unconscious behavior or thought will make it conscious and thus subject to examination and change.
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7
Q

Psychodynamic

Introjection

A
  • The process of internalizing the behavior, attitudes, and expectations of those around you.
  • Introjection is done unconsciously and is motivated out of a desire to defend one’s own psyche, thus it is radically different than normal learning.
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8
Q

Psychodynamic

Working Through

A
  • Process of repeated elaboration and amplification of interpretations.
  • As interpretations often take time to accept, they must be continually reproached in a slow and gentle fashion.
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9
Q

Psychodynamic

Resistance

A
  • Any behavior that impedes therapeutic process
  • EX: avoidance of topics, arriving late, lack of participations, etc…
  • Confronting resistance is part of the therapeutic process in psychodynamic therapy
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10
Q

Psychodynamic

Transference

A
  • Distorted emotional reactions to present relationships based on previous relational experience
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11
Q

CBT

A
  • The marital dyad is the focus of change as opposed to the system.
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12
Q

CBT

Normal Family Development

A
  • Healthy families are marked by competent communication skills.
  • Communication, problem solving, assertiveness, caring, and mutual reward.
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13
Q

CBT

Behavioral Disorders

A
  • Learned responses that are based on un-inteded consequences and social reinforcers (e.g. attention)
  • Aversive Control: nagging, crying, withdrawing to control
  • Poor relationship skills: often influenced by schemas
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14
Q

CBT

Goals of Therapy

A
  • Define the presenting problem and reduce problematic symptoms.
  • Assessment is the hallmark of CBT: clinical interview, observation, objective testing.
  • Increase rewarding interactions
  • Decrease aversive control
  • Teach interpersonal skills
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15
Q

CBT

Therapy

A
  • Operant conditioning and reinforcement
  • Problems addressed are observable and measurable
  • ABC — the antecedent or consequence is the area of intervention
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16
Q

CBT

Premack Principle

A
  • The process of using a high probability behavior to reinforce a low probability behavior.
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17
Q

CBT

Extinction

A
  • This occurs when a behavior is dependent upon a reinforcer, that reinforcer is removed, which in turn leads to the cessation of the behavior.
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18
Q

CBT

Behavioral Parent Training Model

A
  • Accepts the view that the child is the problem, not the system
  • Based on operant conditioning
  • Shaping: successively larger reinforcers that progress in small steps toward a behavioral goal.
  • Token Economy: Use of some reward to reinforce a desired behavior.
  • Contingency Contracting: Agreement on the part of the parents to make some change following changes made by their children (e.g. changing curfew depending upon grades)
  • Contingency Management: Giving or taking away rewards depending upon the child’s behavior
  • Time Out
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19
Q

CBT

Assessment

A

SORKC

  • S: Stimulus
  • O: State of the Organism
  • R: Response
  • KC: Consequences
  • Similar to the ABC model of functional behavioral analysis
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20
Q

CBT

Operant Conditioning

A
  • The process of altering a behavior that is not naturally reinforced through the process of introducing reinforcers.
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21
Q

CBT

Behavioral Exchange

A
  • Method to increase positive family interaction
  • Couples or families are instructed to exchange 1 to 3 needs or desires to one another while the other(s) listen.
  • This reinforces the positive behavior of expressing one’s needs positively.
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22
Q

SFT

Exception Question

A
  • Client is asked to think of a time when the problem wasn’t present.
  • Recent examples are most effective.
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23
Q

SFT

Miracle Questions

A
  • Clients are asks to consider what life would be like if the problem they are currently facing did not exist.
  • This causes the client to consider what they would like changed, how it would be different, and what might be hindering them from making the change.
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24
Q

SFT

Scaling Question

A
  • Clients rank their current problem on a scale from 1-10
  • This causes the client to look at their problem from a progress oriented lens.
  • Clients can see what they have done, and articulate how they will get to the next step, how long it will take, what it will look like, etc…
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25
Q

Narrative

A
  • Philosophy of Constructionism
26
Q

Narrative

Pathological Behavior

A
  • Pathology is a function of the problem saturated stories and language that we use.
  • Our focus on the problem leads us to miss the positive aspects of what is happening in our lives, and miss potential solutions.
27
Q

Narrative

Goal

A
  • Expand the person’s way of thinking about themselves, the problem, and their world.
  • Consider alternative explanations and solutions.
28
Q

Narrative

Techniques

A
  • Externalizing the problem
  • Re-Storying or Re-Authoring
  • Reinforce the new story
29
Q

Narrative

Unique Outcomes

A
  • Similar to the exception question from SFT
  • Clients consider sparkling moments (e.g. when they were able to resist the influence of their problem)
  • This cultivates the client’s ability to challenge their problem saturated story.
30
Q

Narrative

Re-Storying

A
  • Involves having the client create a new narrative that is not consumed with problem saturated language.
31
Q

Narrative

Personifying the problem

A
  • By externalizing the problem and giving it human like traits, guilt and blame is removed from the client.
  • It also allows the person to view themselves as separate from the problem and to create an identity apart from it.
32
Q

Feminist – Scope

A
  • Therapy and the examination of the problem is extended beyond the scope of the family to include culture and society.
33
Q

Feminist – Goal of Therapy

A
  • The therapist works with clients to help them understand themselves and their problems through the lens of society and culture.
  • Specifically in family therapy, the therapist might help the family consider how society has created roles and expectation for them.
34
Q

Feminist – Role of the Therapist

A
  • The therapist is an advocate for the family through helping them understand societal influence and regain power.
  • Role examination and reshaping
35
Q

Constructivism

A
  • Reality exists on the individual level
  • Our experiences, beliefs, and behaviors determine how we view and interact with reality, thus reality is relative to individual circumstance and world view.
  • Pathology is viewed not only as external circumstances, but also how the individual interacts with those circumstances. (SFT and Narrative)
36
Q

Psychoeducation – Historical Roots

A
  • Was born out of Schizophrenia research

- Therapist attempted to help families cope with and minimize the symptoms of their schizophrenic relatives

37
Q

Psychoeducation – Therapeutic Effects

A
  • Educate families
  • Lower expectations to reduce pressure on the family to perform
  • The primary goal is to improve quality of life and improve functioning as opposed to curing the illness.
  • Looks very similar to structural family therapy
38
Q

EFT

Theoretical Basis

A
  • EFT is based on the theory of attachment, and posits that psychopathology and relational issues stem from attachment difficulties and disruptions.
  • Emotions are thought to be language through which we communicate our attachment needs.
  • Accessing one’s emotions is essential for resolving attachment related issues.
  • The Quality of early attachment determines the quality of later attachment unless remediated through earned attachment relationships.
39
Q

EFT

Behavioral Disruption

A
  • Pathology occurs due to insecure attachment styles and a lack of met attachment needs.
  • Emotions are used to communicate attachment needs; however, many of us are unaware of or repress our attachment needs and history.
  • This causes us to mask our true emotional needs (secondary emotions) with primary emotions (e.g. anger covering up fear).
  • Doing so creates negative interaction cycles in which we lash out a others in inappropriate ways due to a lack of knowledge regarding our own needs.
40
Q

EFT

Therapy

A
  • Break Negative Interaction Cycles through validating emotions and needs behind emotions.
  • Create new ways to get needs met
41
Q

EFT Negative Interaction Cycles

A
  • Pursue, distance, withdraw, attack
42
Q

EFT

Therapy Stages

A
  1. Assessment and Deescalation: Partners share their perception of the relationship and negative interaction styles are identified.
  2. Restructuring the Interaction: Access underlying feelings and needs of behavior. reframing behavior in this way allows partners to see the positive intention in the other.
  3. Consolidate New Positions: Reinforce new interactional patterns and differentiate from old ones.
43
Q

EFT

A
  • Short-term: 8-15 sessions

- Shifts back and forth from intrapsychic experience and current experience

44
Q

Gottman

Knowledge about partner/map

A
  • Knowledge of one’s partner is essential for being able to care for them.
  • Basic to complex
  • Built through daily attempts at connection, avoiding compartmentalization, communication, and acting on one’s knowledge
45
Q

Gottman

Keeping sight of the positive

A
  • Both good and bad happen in relationships, but what you look for determines what you see
  • Improving your attitude is the fastest way to improve your marriage
  • Effort to see the positive is needed
  • Acknowledge your partner and appreciate them
46
Q

Gottman

Turning Towards – Small Acts

A
  • Couples connect in little ways continuously
  • This involves acting on the knowledge/partner map
  • Bids for connection
47
Q

Gottman

We-ness

A
  • facing things as a marital unit
  • agreement and collaboration
  • prioritization of the marital unit
48
Q

Gottman

4 patterns of couples disasters

A
  • Rejecting or fighting the influence of your partner
  • Harsh startups
  • Failed repair attempts
  • Inability to compromise
49
Q

Gottman

2 horsemen

A
  • contempt
  • criticism
  • stonewalling
  • defensiveness
50
Q

Gottman

Avoidance of Gridlock

A
  • 70% of issues that couples argue about will never go away
  • It’s matter of picking you battles
  • find areas of compromise, identify negotiable areas
51
Q

Bowenian

Key Concepts

A
  • Differentiation of self
  • Multigenerational transmission process
  • Family Projection
52
Q

Bowenian

Problem Dynamic

A
  • Emotional reactivity
  • Triangles
  • Cut offs and Enmeshments
53
Q

Bowenian

Goal

A
  • Differentiation from family of origin
  • De-Triangluation
  • Balance autonomy and family relationships
54
Q

Bowenian

Therapy

A
  • Genogram
  • Process Questions
  • De-Traingualtion
55
Q

Structural

Key Concepts

A
  • Subsystems
  • Boundaries
  • Hierarchies
56
Q

Structural

Problem Dynamic

A
  • Enmeshment or Disengagement
  • Diffuse or rigid boundaries
  • Lack of flexibility
  • No defined hierarchy
57
Q

Structural

Goal

A
  • Clarify or Create boundaries
  • Strengthen executive subsystem
  • Reinforce family hierarchy
  • Balance of flexible and rigid boundaries
58
Q

Structural Techniques

A
  • Enactment
  • Balancing
  • Joining
  • Boundary making
  • Confrontation
  • Accommodation
59
Q

SFT

Key Concepts

A
  • Constructionism

- Language shapes the problem

60
Q

SFT

Problem dynamic

A
  • Problem talk
  • Ignoring positive
  • ignoring exceptions
61
Q

SFT

Goal

A
  • Highlight exceptions to problem
  • Reinforce solution focused language
  • Do more of what has worked
62
Q

SFT

Techniques

A
  • miracle question
  • exceptions
  • scaling question

Family Therapy Final (1 decks)

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