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Physiotherapy 1 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the indications for Low Voltage Galvanism

A

Infection, muscle spasm, pain

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2
Q

Physiological effects of LVG?

A

pushes ions of therapeutic substances through the skin, effects vary with the chemical reactions and therapeutic ions.

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3
Q

Calcium?

A

(+) for adhesive capsulitis

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4
Q

Copper?

A

(+) for fungus, rhinitis, antiseptic, astringent

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5
Q

Magnesium?

A

(+) for muscle spasm, NMS pain

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6
Q

Zinc?

A

(+) caustic antiseptic

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7
Q

Water?

A

(+/-) hyperhidrosis

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8
Q

Iodine?

A

(-) scar tissue, frozen shoulder, antiseptic, analgesic

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9
Q

Salicylate?

A

(-) analgesic, decongestive

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10
Q

Acetic acid?

A

(-) to dissolve calcium deposits

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11
Q

What is the settings for LVG?

A

40mA *min, initial duration 3-4 minutes, slowly work up to 10-20 minutes

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12
Q

What goes on the active pad in LVG?

A

same polarity as medicinal substance

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13
Q

describe the dispersive pad in LVG

A

twice as big and 4-6 inches proximal of active pad

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14
Q

What is the max dosage for LVG?

A

1mS/sq.in. of active pad (milliamp rule)

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15
Q

What are the indications for High Voltage pulsed current ?

A

Spasm, pain, edema, tissue repair, muscle reeducation

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16
Q

What is the physiological effect of HVPC?

A

dermal wound healing, edema reduction, reduce muscle spasm, pain relief, muscle re-education, increase muscle blood flow

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17
Q

What is the procedure for HVPC?

A

Bipolar method OR older machines may use 1-4 active pads with 1 dispersive

negligible polar effects due to very amperage (0.5-2mA)

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18
Q

What is the duration for HVPC?

A

15-20 min

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19
Q

What are the rules for chronic pain (opiate) with HVPC?

A

continuous
5pps
motor
pads on either side of painful tissue

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20
Q

What are the rules for acute pain (gate) with HVPC?

A

continuous
80-150pps
sensory
pads on either side of painful tissue

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21
Q

What are the rules for chronic muscle hypertonicity (Fatigue)?

A

continuous
80-150pps
motor
pads on motor points of affected muscle

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22
Q

What are the rules for acute edema (fluid shift) with HVPC?

A

continuous
80-150pps
sensory
pads on affected area

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23
Q

What are the rules for chronic edema (muscle pumping) with HVPC?

A

continuous 5pps
surge 10:10 on:off
motor
pads on affected area

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24
Q

What are the rules for tissue healing with HVPC?

A 
continuous
80-150pps
sensory,
polarity  (+/-)
pads on affected area
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25
What are the indications for Low voltage alternating current (biphasic)?
spasm, pain, swelling, weakness
26
what is the physiological effect of LVAC?
increased blood supply, cell metabolism, lymphatic circulation for tissue healing, reduces edema & muscle hypertonicity via muscle contraction, pain relief via gate control and muscle fatigue
27
Describe the procedure for ONE CHANNEL LVAC
apply one pad to motor point of muscle, other pad to distal muscle belly or over nerve root innervation of muscle, pads are equal size
28
What is the duration of LVAC?
10-20 minutes
29
What are the settings for chronic muscle hypertonicity with LVAC
continuous 80-150pps motor pulse duration 200us
30
What are the settings for swelling with LVAC?
surge (10:10 on:off 3X/min) 40-60pps mild-mod motor
31
What are the settings for muscle strengthening with LVAC?
surge 50pps motor
32
What is the microcurrent rule of 3's?
0.3, 3, 30
33
What are the indications for microcurrent?
tissue healing, pain, edema
34
What are the contraindications for microcurrent?
pacemaker, carotid sinus, heart, pregnancy
35
What are the physiological effects or microcurrent?
wound healing, cell wall permeability changes, increased ATP production and synthesis, increased fibroblastic activity, pain relief, tissue healing
36
What is the standard procedure for microcurrent?
always 50uA, pads on either side of injury, machine beeps when contrast is made, up to 6 hours at home care
37
What are the settings for tissue healing for microcurrent?
``` 50ua 0.3pps biphasic 20min-6hrs with pads 15-30sec with probe ```
38
what are the setting for pain relief with microcurrent?
``` 50uA 3pps monophasic 20min-6hrs with pads 15-30secs with probes ```
39
What are the settings for edema with microcurrent?
``` 50uA 30pps biphasic 20min-6hrs with pads 15-30sec with probe ```
40
What are the indications for TENS unit?
pain (acute or chronic), trigger points
41
what are some contras for TENS?
pacemaker, over carotid sinus, heart, pregnancy
42
What is the physiological effect of TENS?
pain reduction via triggering the neurohormonal, neuro-physiological and cognitive systems involving the CNS and PNS
43
What is the duration of TENS?
23hrs/day
44
What are the settings for conventional (acute) pain?
85pps 75us sensory level 2 channels -> 4 pads
45
What is the pad placement for TENS with conventional pain?
a) parallel to lesion OR b) cross over the lesion (like and X)
46
What are the settings for low frequency (deep chronic pain) with TENS?
5pps 200us mild motor 2 channels -> 4 pads
47
What is the pad placement with TENS for low frequency (chronic)?
over acupuncture points
48
What are the indications for Interferential Current?
swelling, pain, spasm, weakness
49
What are the contras for IFC (besides main list)?
nearby diathermy machine (15-20ft), nearby radios
50
What are the physiological effects of IFC?
depolarizes sensory and motor nerves leading to pain reduction muscle stimulation, blood flow/edema management
51
What are the settings for Quadpolar (acute pain,deeper) with IFC?
2 channels -> 4 electrodes (criss cross pattern) 80-150pps sensory use vector scan for large area, use sweep to reduce nerve accommodation 15-20 min
52
What are the settings for Bipolar (acute edema, supf)
1 channel, 2 electrodes (placed on either end of injury 80-150pps sensory 15-20 min
53
What are the indications for Russian current?
muscle weakness, muscle spasm, muscle atrophy
54
What are the contraindications for Russian (besides the main list)?
when muscle contraction is not desired (fracture, bone cysts, dislocation, osteoporosis)
55
What is the phys effect of Russian current?
depolarizes sensory and motor fibers to evoke tetanic muscle contraction, stimulates deeper motor nerve fibers, recruits fast-twitch motor units
56
What is the procedure for Russian current?
One or two channels
57
What is the intensity for Russian?
strong motor
58
What is the frequency for Russian?
50bups
59
What is the duty cycle for Russian?
10 sec on, 50 sec off
60
What are the ramp times for Russian?
strength or early rehab 1-2s, | power or later rehab 0.5-1s
61
What are the cycles for Russian?
25 (so 25 minutes), repeat 5x/week at night, then 2 days rest for 4-5 weeks
62
What are the general contraindications for all Electrotherapies?
pacemaker, over carotid sinus, simultaneous use of different frequency, through the heart, circulatory impairment, mental impairment, through the brain, hemorrhage, infection, malignancy
63
What are the indications for ultrasound?
contracture, spasm, pain, bursitis, tendonitis
64
What are the Contras for US?
through heart, brain, eye, plastic implants, malignancy, infection
65
What are the phys effects of US?
increase cell metabolism, ATP production, membrane permeability
66
What is the standard procedure for US?
frequency based on depth of penetration desired (1MHz=5cm, 3MHz=2cm) treatment area should be 2-3 times the size of the sound head keep sound head parallel to the skin surface and move constantly
67
What are the settings for Acute with US?
05W/sq cm for 5 min
68
What are the settings for Chronic with US?
1.0W/sq cm for 10 min ***add 0.5W if indirect (water)
69
What are the settings for continuous with US?
thermal
70
What are the settings for Pulsed with US?
mechanical
71
What are the procedures for phonophoresis?
apply therapeutic agent to skin before applying US
72
What are the rules for combination therapy (US)?
simultaneous electrotherapy & US, set up electrotherapy 1st.
73
What are the indications for diathermy?
muscle spasm, contracture, edema
74
What are the contraindications for diathermy?
metal inside or near body, near IFC or Russian current, hemorrhage
75
What are the phys effects of diathermy?
increase vasodilation, phagocytosis, metabolism, decrease spasm
76
What is the procedure for diathermy?
place the drum directly over the body part, make sure the skin is covered with towels especially sweaty areas (moisture can cause skin burns). Make sure the cables don't touch each other or the patient
77
What is the duration of diathermy?
10-20 minutes
78
What is the dosage for acute (pulsed)diathermy?
Athermal
79
What is the dosage for subacute diathermy?
barely detectable warmth
80
What is the dosage for softening collagen diathermy?
maximum tolerable warmth
81
What are the indications for low level lazer therapy?
inflammation, pain. wound healing, RA, capsulitus
82
What are the contras for LLLT?
eye exposure, thyroid, pregnancy
83
What are the phys effects of LLLT?
ATP production, angiogenesis, increased DNA and RNA synthesis
84
What is the procedure for LLLT?
Up to 5cm penetration, increase power for darker skin or more muscle, decrease power for elderly or frail. Most often continuous, 8-12 J/sq cm

Physiotherapy 1 (3 decks)

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