Final Flashcards
(113 cards)
0
Q
Where older RBCs may be destroyed
A
spleen
1
Q
Origin of immunoglobulin
A
B-cell (NOT the T-cells)
2
Q
how lymph moves through lymphatic vessels
A
muscular activity
3
Q
organs of the upper respiratory tract are located
A
outside the thorax
4
Q
where is the glottis located
A
the space between the vocal cords
5
Q
size and structure of the lungs
A
right lung - 3 lobes
left lung - 2 lobes
6
Q
what secretion neutralizes acidic semen
A
secretions of the prostate gland
7
Q
oxytosin
A
causes “let down” of milk in mammary glands
8
Q
describe the structure and contents of a mature RBC
A
biconcave and lack a nuclei
9
Q
be able to recognize agranulocytes by name
A
monocytes & lymphocytes
10
Q
the normal range for WBCs in an adult
A
5,000 - 10,000
11
Q
the primary function of lymphocytes
A
act against foreign substances
12
Q
what cells among leukocytes are the most phagocytic
A
neutrophils and monocytes
13
Q
the plasma electrolytes that are the most abundant
A
sodium & chloride ions
14
Q
hypochromic anemia
A
anemia caused by a lack of dietary iron
15
Q
Why do patients with leukemia have a tendency to bleed?
A
deficiency of platelets
16
Q
two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks
A
right lymphatic duct & thoracic duct
17
Q
What causes the formation of lymph in the lymph capillaries to increase?
A
increase in hydrostatic pressure in the tissue fluid
18
Q
hilum
A
the region in a lymph node where blood vessels pass through
19
Q
An example of specific body defense mechanism
A
immunity
20
Q
the most phagocytic cells found in circulating blood
A
neutrophils & monocytes
21
Q
hemostasis
A
describes the stoppage of bleeding by one of several means
22
Q
biliverdin
A
the greenish pigment that is formed when hemoglobin decomposes
23
Q
Where are RBCs primarily produced
A
red bone marrow
24
What is needed for DNA formation in the RBC
vitamin B12 & folic acid
25
leukopenia
low WBC count (below 4,000)
26
erythropoietin
hormone providing negative feedback - promotes production of RBC
27
the most common type of leukocyte in blood sample
neutrophils
28
differential WBC count
the part of the WBC count that gives the percentages of various types of leukocytes in a blood sample
29
albumin
most abundant of plasma proteins (help maintain osmotic pressure)
30
blood clot inhibiting substance released by basophils
heparin
31
thrombocytopenia
deficiency of platelets
32
pus is composed of
leukocytes, bacteria, & damaged body cells
33
lymphatic vessels are similar to what other vessels, in structure
veins
34
T-lymphocytes are responsible for?
cell-mediated immunity
35
What type of immunity occurs when you have had the disease?
Naturally acquired active immunity
36
Normal immune response requires
T-cells & B-cells
37
In an autoimmune disease, what is the immune response directed toward?
self-substances
38
What may occur if lymphatic tissue is removed from an axillary region?
edema
39
memory cell
Following a primary immune response, the B-cells & T-cells remain dormant but respond to antigens in the future.
40
the substance that stimulates a primary immune response without producing the symptoms of a disease
vaccine
41
pericardium
the loose-fitting sac around the heart
42
tissue of the SA node
self-exciting tissue
43
Why do plasma proteins remain in the blood capillaries
to maintain osmotic pressure
44
angina pectoris
pain caused by an obstruction or narrowing in an artery to the heart
45
microorganisms trapped in the sticky mucus are most likely destroyed how/where
by digestive action of gastric juices in stomach
46
capillaries
blood vessels thin enough to allow exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid
47
pericardial cavity
potential space between parietal and visceral membranes
48
artery that supply blood to the myocardium
coronary artery
49
the heart chamber that receives blood from the vena cava
right atrium
50
location of iliac arteries
the brim of the pelvis down from the aorta
51
function of coronary sinus
drains blood from the wall of the heart
52
circulatory circuit where aorta is located
systemic
53
longest vein in the body
the great saphenous
54
the blood vessel that transports blood from the lungs to the left atrium
pulmonary vein
55
the chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs
left atrium
56
blood vessel that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
pulmonary artery
57
what supplies the force for normal expiration
contraction of smooth muscles in the passages
58
percentage of oxygen in room air
21%
59
location of vocal cords
larynx
60
what supplies the force for air to move into the lungs during inspiration
atmospheric pressure
61
what happens to the respiratory rate if CO2 increases
increased breathing rate
62
muscles most helpful for forced expiration
abdominal wall
63
the process when gases exchange places in the lungs
diffusion
64
Respiratory distress syndrome in newborns is caused by
a deficiency of surfactant
65
pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity
66
what happens to CO2 and pH concentration during hyperventilation
CO2 decreases & pH increases
67
what holds the visceral and parietal membranes together
surface tension
68
the potential space between the pleural membranes
pleural cavity
69
the serous membrane that is firmly attached to the surface of a lung
visceral pleura
70
disease that may originate from epithelial cells of the lung
cancer
71
partial pressure
the pressure created by each gas within a mixture of gases
72
receptors of the inflation reflex are most sensitive to what action
stretch
73
undifferentiated spermatogenic cells
spermatogonia
74
hormone responsible for development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics
testosterone
75
term for the tubular portion of the uterus
cervix
76
female structure corresponds to the male penis
clitoris
77
the para nasal sinuses
frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, & maxillary
78
cells in testis that produce male sex hormones
interstitial cells
79
fetal stage of development begins?
end of the 8th week
80
epididymis
tightly coiled tube leads to the vas defrens
81
androgens
male sex hormones
82
where is the endometrium located
the inner most layer of the uterus
83
where is testicular cancer most likely to originate
epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules
84
test to detect the presence of abnormal cells in the cervix
Pap smear
85
Provides the main source of energy for a newborn during the first few days
fat
86
where do the tissues originate for the placenta
the mother and the embryo
87
The cells of a blastocyst that give rise to the body of the developing offspring
inner cell mass
88
vessel that transports blood rich oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
the umbilical vein
89
purpose of the ductus arteriosus
take blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
90
How do drugs taken by a pregnant woman reach her fetus?
the placental membrane
91
teratogens
factors that cause congenital malformations
92
symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome
small head, facial abnormalities, & mental retardation
93
substance that may increase the chance of survival of a premature fetus
surfactant of the respiratory system
94
blood vessels in the umbilical cord
2 arteries & 1 vein
95
what allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs
the foramen ovale through the atrial septum
96
zygote
the first cell of an offspring
97
the number of chromosomes in a human zygote
46
98
parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
99
hyperventilation
prolonged and rapid deep breathing
100
ischemia of the heart
angina pectoris
101
endocarditis
inflammation of the valves of the heart
102
atrial diastole
ventricular contraction
103
fast heart beat
tachycardia
104
slow heart beat
bradycardia
105
atrial systole
atrial contraction
106
pericarditis
inflammation of the membranes surrounding the heart
107
antigens
the foreign or "non-self" protein marker on cells that trigger immune responses
108
Purkinje fibers
distribution of electricity to the papillary muscle of ventricles
109
Heart attack
myocardial infarction
110
ECG
measures electrical activity of the heart
111
Foramen ovale
tube in atrial septum through which blood bypasses lungs in fetus
112
Pons
area of brainstem where respiratory centers are located along with the medulla oblongata
