Final Flashcards
(77 cards)
T or F
Ventricular Septal Defect always results in cyanosis at birth
False
The movement of blood is L-R and therefore only a little extra blood would flow into the RV. If the aorta was opening into both ventricles then we would see cyanosis.
What percentage of cases of Ventricular Septal Defect are self limiting?
80%
What happens to the Right ventricle if the septal defect does not self resolve?
R Ventricular hypertrophy -> too much pressure -> R Ventricular Failure = reversal of shunt & deoxygenated blood to the brain.
What causes Rheumatic Fever in younger people?
Recurrent inflammation of the tonsils. 6+ episodes.
Why does taking out the tonsils help with Rheumatic Fever?
Tonsils become a septic focus which can cause Bacteremia
T or F
After 15 yoa Rheumatic Fever from tonsillitis is not as much of a concern
True
Where are some other common septic focus areas in the body?
Men = prostate, tonsils, teeth Females = fallopian tubes, tonsils, teeth
Name 3 conditions discussed in class that will give you a high fever
Pneumonia
Nephritis
Tonsilitis
What is a high pitched heart murmur?
Low pitched?
HIGH = aortic or mitral regurgitation is produced by blood flowing through narrow orifices under increased pressure LOW = ventricular filling murmur are produced by blood flowing under relatively low pressure.
Describe a thrill
Vibratory sensation heard over a massive valvular lesion.
So loud you can hear and feel.
Turbulent blood flow
Where is the aortic, pulmonic, erbs, tri, mitral pulse felt on the thorax?
a = R side at 2nd ICS p = L side at 2nd ICS e = L side at 3rd ICS t = L side at 4th ICS m = L side at 5th ICS ~7-10cm lateral of sternum
What is an aka for apical impulse?
point of maximal intensity
T or F
At rates less than 100 bpm diastole is shorter than systole
False
Diastole will be longer than systole
T or F
Diastole = S2 to S1
True
T or F
S1 and S2 are best heard with the bell
False
Diaphragm
T or F
Cluster headaches are classified as sinister in headache basic classification
False!
Non-sinister
Common signs and symptoms of Cluster headaches
Temporal artery bulging & pulsating Severe headache, pain behind eye Unilateral ptosis, swelling & redness of eyelid Myosis Tearing Flushing of side of face, sweating Nasal congestions, rhinorrhea
List the sinister causes of headaches
Space occupying lesion Glaucoma Temporal Arteritis Meningitis Subdural hematoma
Red flags of headaches
Recent onset Positional headache Focal neurological sign Progressive headaches Vomiting without nausea Cognitive changes - confusion, drowsiness, giddiness Persistent or severe headache in a child
T or F
Vomiting without nausea is a sign of increased intracranial pressure
True
There is new anatomical research between the relationship of the cervical spine and headaches. What does the research find?
At the AO junction there appears to be connective tissue attachment between Rectus Capitis posterior minor muscle and the posterior spinal dura.
Name some of the criteria for a cervicogenic headache
Neck pn with headache
Local tenderness
Some restriction of motion
X-ray finding of abnormal, loss of curve, other distinct abnormalities.
Describe the criteria for Meningitis
Headache with fever Neck stiffness Photophobia Lightheadedness Positive test for meningeal irritation
What is the silent killer of the eye?
Glaucoma
