Final

Question 1

Cone cut

Answer 1

A clear, unexposed area on the dental radiograph from misalignement.

Question 2

Alara

Answer 2

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

Question 3

Millamperage

Answer 3

The quantity of x-rays emitted from the tube head (measurement).

Question 4

Kilovoltage peak

Answer 4

The maximum/peak voltage that is used during x-ray exposure.

Question 5

Exposure time

Answer 5

The interval during which x-rays are produced.

Question 6

Contrast

Answer 6

How sharply dark and light areas are differentiate or separated in an image; difference in the degrees of blackness between adjacent areas.

Question 7

Short scale contrast

Answer 7

An image with only two densities (black and white) from using lower kilovoltage range.

Question 8

Long scale contrast

Answer 8

Image with many densities (shades of grey) from using higher kilovoltage range.

Question 9

Low contrast

Answer 9

An image with many shades of grey and few area of black and white.

Question 10

High contrast

Answer 10

An image with many very dark and light areas, few shades of grey.

Question 11

Focal spot

Answer 11

The tungsten target of the anode; converts bombarding electrons into x-ray photons.

Question 12

Penumbra

Answer 12

The fuzzy, unclear are that surround the radiograph.

Question 13

Image magnification

Answer 13

The ability to ‘zoom’ in on an image.

Question 14

Identification dot/bubble

Answer 14

A feature on a film which must face up when mounting.

Question 15

Polychromatic x-ray beam

Answer 15

An x-ray beam containg many different wavelengths of varying intensities.

Question 16

Radiolucent

Answer 16

The portion of the image that is dark or black; its structure readily permits the passage of x-ray beam and allows more x-rays that reach the receptor.

Question 17

Radiopaque

Answer 17

The portion of the image that is light or white; its structure resists the passage of x-ray beam and limits the amount of x-rays that reach the receptor.

Question 18

Latent image

Answer 18

The pattern of stored energy on the exposed film.

Question 19

Photons

Answer 19

A bundle of energy with no mass or weight that travels as a wave at the speed of light and moved through space in a straight line.

Question 20

Long wave length = ____ frequency

Answer 20

Low frequency

Question 21

High wave length = ____ frequency

Answer 21

High frequency

Question 22

What is vertical angulation?

Answer 22

Refers to positioning of PID up and down.

Question 23

What is horizontal angulation?

Answer 23

Refers to positioning of PID side-to-side

Question 24

Basics of paralleling technique

Answer 24

Used to expose periapicle and bite wing image receptors.
Receptor is placed parallel to long axis of tooth.
Central ray of the x-ray beam is directed at a right angle to receptor.

Question 25

What results from incorrect horizontal angulation?

Answer 25

Results in overlapped contact areas.

Question 26

What results from incorrect vertical angulation?

Answer 26

Results in image not the same length as the tooth.

Question 27

Where is 'a' located on periapicles, why?

Answer 27

A crown of a tooth so it does not interfere with the diagnosis portion of the radiograph.

Question 28

What is overlap, how do you correct it?

Answer 28

When horizontal angulation is incorrect, correct angulation.

Question 29

What is the purpose of the lead foil in the film packet?

Answer 29

to protect film from back scattered radiation

Question 30

Distortion

Answer 30

A geometric characteristic that refers to variation in the true size and shape of the object being radiographed.

Question 31

Collimation

Answer 31

The restriction of the size and shape of the x-ray beam in order to reduce patient exposure.

Question 32

H.A.R.P

Answer 32

Healing Art Radiation Protection

Question 33

Film focal distance

Answer 33

is the distance between the X-ray source and the film.

Question 34

Object film distance

Answer 34

the measure of space intervening between two objects.

Question 35

What is the KeV binding energy of the tungsten K shell electron?

Answer 35

69KeV

Question 36

What should appear on periabicle

Answer 36

All of tooth root.

Question 37

What should appear in premolar bitewings?

Answer 37

all of the 4 and 5 - mesial of the 6 - distal of the 3

Question 38

What should appear on molar bitewings?

Answer 38

- all of the 8, 7, and 6 | - distal of the 5

Question 39

What is the difference between short and long wavelengths as it relates to energy and penetration...

Answer 39

a long wavelength has less energy and less power | a short wavelength has more energy...

Question 40

Why is a filter inserted in the path of the direct x-ray beam

Answer 40

minamize the amount of x-radiation.

Question 41

What happens when the funsten filament of the cathode in an x-ray machine is heated?

Answer 41

when heated the tungsten filament produces electrons

Question 42

How should the client’s head be positioned during the taking of radiographs?

Answer 42

the patient's head must positioned such that the maxillary arch is paralle to the floor.

Question 43

Describe the basics of the paralleling technique

Answer 43

a method that can be used to expose periapical and bitewing image receptors

Question 44

How do you align the central beam when using the paralleling technique?

Answer 44

a beam alignment device must be used to keep the receptor parellel with the long axis of the tooth

Question 45

According to the H.A.R.P. act, who is permitted to take x-rays in a dental office? Prescribe

Answer 45

dentist, hygienist, dental assistant | -if the receptionist has taken a H.A.R.P arroved

Question 46

What is the primary reason for using fast speed film or sensors?

Answer 46

the minamize the exposure time (ALARA)

Question 47

Where should the radiographer position themselves in relation to the primary beam when exposing

Answer 47

2 meters away from tube head (6 feet )

Question 48

The electromagnetic radiation with the most penetrating power will have what type of wavelength

Answer 48

short wavelength, high frequency and high penetration powe

Question 49

What is differential absorption?

Answer 49

Radiographic opacity refers to the actual penetrative ability of x-rays to pass through an object and reach the film.

Question 50

Identify the tissues that are radiolucent and radiopaque.

Answer 50

radiopaque-thick dense | radiolucent- soft and thin

Question 51

Which tissues absorbs more x-rays ?

Answer 51

soft and thin

Question 52

What is the purpose of contrast on a radiograph?

Answer 52

the difference of degess of blackness of adjacent areas on a dental radiograph

Question 53

The exposure time for dental radiographs will depend upon what factors?

Answer 53

The type of emulsion.

Question 54

What contributes to produce the best detail in sharpness of a dental radiograph.

Answer 54

Smaller focal spot

Question 55

How do you decrease the density in a dental radiograph?

Answer 55

Decrease in object-film distance.

Question 56

What is the purpose of the lead foil in a film packet?

Answer 56

To stop radiation (ALARA)

Question 57

If you increase the kilovoltage of the x-ray machine, what do you have to do with the exposure time?

Answer 57

Has to be increased.

Question 58

Quantity

Answer 58

refers to # of x-rays emitted from tube head

Question 59

Quality

Answer 59

refers to energy of penatrating ability of x-ray

Question 60

Intensity

Answer 60

product of quantity and quality.

Question 61

Which radiology innovator is known as the father of the science of radiation protection?

Answer 61

Willhelm Roentgen

Question 62

What percentage of energy is converted to x-radiation when electrons collide from the cathode

Answer 62

1%?

Question 63

What is the ideal temperature of the automatic processor for developing dental radiographs?

Answer 63

68 degrees F

Question 64

Should the developer and fixer be mixed together? Why?

Answer 64

no because it will make a toxic mixter that must be disposed of as dangerous waste

Question 65

What is the binding energy of the tungsten K shell electron?

Answer 65

the energy that it would take to knock an electron out of its shell.

Question 66

Who is the Bavarian physicist who discovered x-rays and won a Nobel Prize?

Answer 66

willham conrad rontgen

Question 67

Why is the filter placed in the path of x-ray beam?

Answer 67

Aluminum filters

Question 68

What could result if there are light leaks around the dark room door?

Answer 68

an effect of fog

Question 69

How do you increase the sharpness of a radiographic image?

Answer 69

As the size of the focal spot decreases, the image sharpness increases because penumbra...

Question 70

What is the principle of the paralleling technique?

Answer 70

The paralleling technique is accomplished by placing the receptor parallel to the long axis of the tooth

Question 71

The length of the PID is changed from 16 to 8in. The resultant intensity of the beam will be?

Answer 71

four times as intense