Final

Question 0

Gene expression

Answer 0

Transcription. Translation. DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Segment of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

Synthesizing RNA using DNA. mRNA is the messenger. Completed in the nucleus.

Question 3

Translation

Answer 3

Synthesis of a polypeptide chain (protein). Done in cytoplasm

Question 4

Codon

Answer 4

4 nitrogenous bases for 20 AA. Triplet code. 3 combination on mRNA. 64 possible combinations

Question 5

Anticodon

Answer 5

Sequence of 3 nucleotides in tRNA that recognizes a triplet code in mRNA during translation. Base pairs to mRNA codon

Question 6

RNA polymerase

Answer 6

Binds to promoter site. Sequence of DNA. Initiation sequence. Determined DNA template

Question 7

Transcription factors

Answer 7

Collection of proteins that mediates the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription

Question 8

mRNA

Answer 8

Carries messages from DNA to protein synthesizing machinery of the cell

Question 9

tRNA

Answer 9

Transfers amino acids from cytoplasm of amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain

Question 10

rRNA

Answer 10

Together with proteins make up ribosomes. Most abundant type of RNA

Question 11

Polyadenylation signal

Answer 11

Section of DNA read by RNA polymerase in eukaryotic cells that stops transcription of RNA

Question 12

5’ cap

Answer 12

Guanine base complex

Question 13

Poly - A tail (3’ end)

Answer 13

50-250 A bases. Exports mRNA from the nucleus, protects it, helps ribosomes attach to 5’ end

Question 14

Introns

Answer 14

No coding regions. Has no genetic info. (Junk)

Question 15

Exons

Answer 15

Coding regions. Contains genetic code

Question 16

E site

Answer 16

Discharged tRNA’s leave the ribosome

Question 17

P site

Answer 17

Holds tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain

Question 18

A site

Answer 18

Holds tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the chain

Question 19

Hybridization

Answer 19

Mating 2 contrasting true breeding varieties

Question 20

P Generation

Answer 20

True breeding parents

Question 21

F1 generation

Answer 21

Hybrid off spring

Question 22

F2 generation

Answer 22

Hybrid offspring from F1 generation breezed together

Question 23

Allele

Answer 23

Alternative version of a gene

Question 24

Dominant allele

Answer 24

Determined organism's appearance, and can mask the recessive allele

Question 25

Recessive allele

Answer 25

No noticeable effect on the organism appearance

Question 26

Law of Segregation

Answer 26

The 2 alleles fora heritable trait separated during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

Question 27

Homozygous

Answer 27

Identical alleles

Question 28

Heterozygous

Answer 28

Different alleles

Question 29

Phenotype

Answer 29

Physical appearance of an organism determined by genetic makeup

Question 30

Genotype

Answer 30

Genetic makeup

Question 31

Law of independent assortment

Answer 31

States pairs of alleles segregate independent of their pair during gamete fermentation

Question 32

Complete dominance

Answer 32

Phenotype of heterozygous and dominant homozygotes identical

Question 33

Incomplete dominance

Answer 33

Phenotype between parents

Question 34

Codominance

Answer 34

Two dominant alleles affect the phenotype

Question 35

Heredity

Answer 35

Transmission of traits to future generations

Question 36

Genetics

Answer 36

Scientific study of heredity

Question 37

Genes

Answer 37

Sequence of DNA that codes for protein protection

Question 38

Types of cells

Answer 38

Gametes. Somatic cells.

Question 39

Gametes. Somatic cells.

Answer 39

Reproductive cells. 23 chromosomes. Regular cells. 46 chromosomes

Question 40

Chromosomes

Answer 40

Carriers of genes and pistones

Question 41

Loci

Answer 41

Locations of genes on chromosomes

Question 42

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 42

2 chromosomes of the same type

Question 43

Sex chromosomes

Answer 43

Determines sex. 23rd pair

Question 44

Autosomes

Answer 44

Chromosomes (1-22)

Question 45

Diploid (2n)

Answer 45

Cells with both chromosomes of homologous pair (somatic cells)

Question 46

Haploid (n)

Answer 46

Cells with 1 chromosomes of homologous pair (sex cells)

Question 47

Crossing over

Answer 47

Exchange of DNA segments

Question 48

Chiasma

Answer 48

Location of a segment exchange (where crossing over occurs)

Question 49

Random fertilization

Answer 49

There is 70 trillion combinations of type of kid

Question 50

Independence assortment

Answer 50

Random orient ion of homologous pairs during metaphase

Question 51

Name stop codons

Answer 51

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 52

Name start codon

Answer 52

AUG

Question 53

Three types of RNA

Answer 53

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 54

RNA splicing

Answer 54

Introns and exons