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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavior

A

interaction between conscious and unconscious mind

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2
Q

Freud psychodynamic theories

A

defense mechanisms, psychosexual development

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3
Q

Id

A

pleasure principle

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4
Q

Ego

A

reality principle, mediates conflict between id and superego

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5
Q

Superego

A

moral principle, counteracts id

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6
Q

Reaction formation

A

covering up feelings (feeling angry, acting overly friendly)

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7
Q

Projection

A

a person who is rude accuses other people of being rude

prevents ego from recognizing the truth

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8
Q

Displacement

A

shifting anger toward more acceptable target (angry at parent, kick wall/toys)

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9
Q

Psychosexual Stages: Oral

A

0-18 mos

sucking, biting, chewing

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10
Q

Psychosexual Stages: Anal

A

18-36 mos

bowel/bladder elimination, demands for control

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11
Q

Psychosexual Stages: Phallic

A

3-6 yrs

genitals, coping with incestuous sexual feelings

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12
Q

Psychosexual Stages: Latency

A

6 yrs - puberty

dormant sexual feelings

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13
Q

Psychosexual Stages: Genital

A

Puberty - on

maturation of sexual interests

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14
Q

Humanistic theories psychologists

A

Maslow

Rogers

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15
Q

Rogers (Humanistic theories)

A

people are born with self actualizing tendencies (genuineness, unconditional positive regard, empathy)

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16
Q

Trait tests

A

Meyers-Briggs

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

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17
Q

Big 5

A

conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion

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18
Q

Social-cognitive theory of personality

A

person + social context and how we think about others/our situation

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19
Q

Reciprocal determinism (social-cognitive)

A

behavior, personal factors, and environment influence eachother

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20
Q

Personal control (social-cognitive)

A

internal and external locus

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21
Q

Internal locus

A

behavior guided by personal decisions/efforts

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22
Q

External locus

A

behavior guided by fate/luck/others/external circumstances

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23
Q

Normative social influence

A

desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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24
Q

Informational social influence

A

willingness to accept others’ opinions

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25
Obedience experiment
Stanly Milgram | teach and test word pairs, shock for wrong answers
26
Social thinking
how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
27
Fritz Heider
1958 | attribution theory
28
Attribution theory
we tend to give casual explanations for someone's behavior | we credit either the situation or the person's disposition
29
Attribution theory example
teacher: is the child's hostility reflective of a) aggressive personality (dispositional) b) reaction to stress/abuse (situational)
30
Dispositional (attribution theory)
personality
31
Situational (attribution theory)
situation/circumstances
32
Fundamental attribution error
overestimate impact of personal disposition and underestimate impact of the situations when analyzing behavior of others
33
Fundamental attribution error example
others people: it's their personality us: it's the situation (when it's bad) us: it's me (when it's good)
34
Self-serving attribution
us: it's me (when it's good)
35
Attitudes and actions relationship
both influence each other
36
Central route to persuasion
information (from speech for example) changes our attitude, long lasting impact
37
Peripheral route to persuasion
indirect information, temporary impact (celebrity endorsements)
38
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
tendency for people who have complied with a small request to comply with a larger one
39
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
we act to reduce discomfort when we learn our thoughts and behaviors are inconsistent (say one thing, believe another) change beliefs/attitudes so they match, discomfort removed
40
Automatic mimicry
tendency to unconsciously imitate others' expressions, postures, and voice tones, is a form of conformity
41
Conformity
adjusting our behavior/thinking toward a group standard (mimicry is a subtype)
42
Asch (social influence)
conducted conformity experiments
43
Understanding PDOs
medical model | biopsychosocial approach
44
Medical model (PDOs)
brain biology, medical interventions
45
Biopsychosocial approach (PDOs)
bio: genes/brain chemistry psycho: stress/trauma social: roles/expectations
46
Classifying PDOs
organizing observed disorders into categories | DSM-5, ICD-10
47
Classifying PDOs goal
describe disorders, predict future course, imply appropriate treatment labeling is downside
48
Classic categorical approach (PDOs)
all features must be present in everyone | 1 cause of each disorder
49
Prototypical approach (PDOs)
presence of certain # of prototypical criteria and only some additional criteria (DSM-5)
50
Fear
reaction to real danger | not a bad thing
51
Anxiety
apprehension about the future | not all bad
52
Panic attack
abrupt surge of intense fear/discomfort, peaks within minutes
53
GAD
persistent anxiety 6+ months autonomic arousal
54
Panic disorder
unpredictable panic episodes followed by worry over an additional attack or changes in behavior (avoiding grocery store where it happened)
55
Phobias
6+ months | irrational fear and avoidance of an object, activity, or situation
56
OCD
persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive actions in response (compulsions) time consuming, cause distress
57
PTSD
``` 4+ weeks intrusion symptoms (flashbacks) have to have experienced real trauma avoidance of reminders of trauma becoming disconnected anger, sleep disturbances ```
58
Fear conditioning
classical conditioning neutral stim + averse stim *(Baby Albert)*
59
Observational learning (anxiety disorders)
parent models anxiety behaviors
60
Major depressive disorder
had episode at least once in life 2+ week episode "common cold" of psych disorders
61
Bipolar disorder
high heritability norepi: scarce during depression, abundant during mania serotonin: decreased levels
62
Social-cognitive causes for mood disorders
self-defeating beliefs (learned helplessness) | negative explanatory styles for failures (stable, global, internal)
63
Mood disorder cycle
stressful experience, negative explanatory cycle, depressed mood, cog/beh changes, stressful experience...
64
Schizophrenia
delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate emotional expression excess dopamine receptors fetal-viral infection
65
Split mind (schizo)
split from reality | can't take in reality and process properly
66
Psychosis
loss of contact with reality (presence of delusions/hallucinations)
67
Psychotherapy
assist client from 1 theoretical perspective or a blend of approaches
68
Biomedical therapy
medications to assist patient | psychiatry
69
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic theory of treatment
repression, unconscious world, interpersonal psychotherapy | free association, transference, interpretation
70
Humanistic theory of treatment
potential for self-growth, self-acceptance | Carl Rogers client-centered therapy
71
Behavioral
only focus on observable behaviors, don't delve deep | classical and operant conditioning
72
Exposure therapy
repeated exposure = reduced anxiety
73
Systematic desensitization
progression, show stimuli when relaxed, move up toward most scary stimulus
74
In vivo/imaginal exposure
stimulus exposure not paired with relaxation
75
Cognitive therapy
thinking explains our feelings | teaches adaptive ways of thinking and acting based on changing conditions
76
CBT
your thoughts, emotions, and *behaviors* | encouraged to engage in behavioral experiments

Pschology (1 decks)

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