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History Psych > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Who contributed to Neobehaviorism

A

Guthrie, Tolman, Hull (Skinner)

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2
Q

Neobehaviorism

A

Core is to study learning

Psych. must adopt principle of operationism

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3
Q

Operationism

A

Validity of scientific findings depends on validity of operations

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4
Q

Edward Tolman

A

“Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men”

T-Maze

Latency

Cognitive maps

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5
Q

Purposive Behaviorism

A

Behavior is goal oriented, not random behavior

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6
Q

Latency Learning

A

Learning you can’t see until reinforcement is introduced

Overtime latency grows shorter

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7
Q

Cumulative Response Recorder

A

Schedules of reinforcement

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8
Q

Tolman Learning Theory

A

Learning & Performance ;

reinforcement has little influence on learning

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9
Q

Sign Gestalts

A

Learned relationship b/w environment & organisms expectations

Expectancy= Motivation

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10
Q

Kurt Lewin

A

Field theory
Study of Conflicts
Leadership

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11
Q

Field Theory

A

Life space w. goal objects that repel or attract you

Maintain homeostasis

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12
Q

Zeigarnik Effect

A

People tend to remember incomplete tasks rather than complete

(Lewin)

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13
Q

Clark Hull

A

“Principles of Behavior”

Clinical Hypnosis & makes it respectable field

Motivational Cycle

Hypothetical construct

Strength of S-R connection (Habit Strength

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14
Q

Motivational Cycle

A

Need-> Drives-> Exploratory Behavior-> Goal-> Consummatory Behavior-> Drive Reduction

Drive reduction- sometimes doesn’t equal need reduction

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15
Q

Drives

A

Basis of motivation is physiological deficits

Reduction of drive sole basis of reinforcement

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16
Q

What is the strength of drive determined by

A

Intensity, strength

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17
Q

Secondary drives

A

Reductions of primary drives

Incentive-motivation
Didn’t know we want until we saw

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18
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

Applies psych. principles to every day

Programmed txtbk

Aircrib

“Walden II”

Logical positivist/ radical behaviorist

Reinforcement schedules
(Skinner Box)

No experiments,

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19
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Social Cognitive Theory

Observe human interaction

Vicarious reinforcement

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20
Q

Guthrie

A

Contiguity- Molecular View

In order for behavior to happen, movement is needed

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21
Q

Contiguity Theory

A

Movement-based associations

w. each trial, new associations made (w/o reinforcement)

Building a habit

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22
Q

Vicarious reinfocement

A

Modeling

23
Q

Rotter

A

Developed cognitive form of behaviorism.

We learn behavior through social experiences

I-E Scale - internal/external attributions to success

Locus of control (internal/external)

24
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

Kohler, Koffka,

Looking at the whole person/problem. Problems as a matter of perception

25
Q

Kohler

A

Insight Learning

Problem solving depends on ability to perceive

26
Q

Koffka

A

“Perception”

Principle of closure

27
Q

Freud

A

Psychoanalysis

28
Q

Charcot

A

Frued studied under him, tried to transform treatment of mental patients

29
Q

Breuer

A

Developed technique for people w/ neurotic disorders “chimney sweeping”

ANNA O

30
Q

Ernest Jones

A

Official biographer for Freud

31
Q

Frued’s Contributions

A

Contributed to many other fields
(Philosophy - Good Thinker)
(Art- Unconscious motivation)
(Literature- Hidden motives)

Scientific inquiry of dreams
“The Interpretation of Dreams”

Developed Personality Theory

Human treatment of mental illness -> psychic treatment for psychic disorders

Measurement
Reconstruct Personality

32
Q

Criticisms of Freud

A 
Cocaine revolution
Infant sexuality
Assessment of women (Hysteria)
   Sexual Seduction Theory
Psychoanalyzed daughter himself 
Fallouts of relationships because of disagreements
33
Q

Anna Frued

A

Play Therapy - psychoanalysis of children

Developed defense mechanisms

34
Q

Carl Jung

A

Analytic Psych.

Collective unconscious
-Archetypes

Attitudes- Beginning of typology in Personality Theory

Began Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

35
Q

Archetypes

A

Personna (Mask) Many roles in life

Animus/Anima - Male side/Women side

Shadow- Free of boundaries

Self- Active part of a person

36
Q

Jung Attitudes

A

Introversion

Extroversion

37
Q

Jung Basic functions

A

Thinking
Feeling
Intuition
Sensing

Each of us have a favored way to deal with the world

38
Q

Alfred Adler

A

Goal is to be competent; strive for superiority

Inferiority Complex

Overcompensation

39
Q

Overcompensation

A

Devoting self to incompetence areas & you become dedicated to error

40
Q

Karen Horney

A

Role conflict in women- Neurotic women

Babies have basic anxiety, caregivers job to tame insecurity.
Those who don’t develop neurotic needs

Womb envy

41
Q

Neurotic Needs

A

Moving towards people

Neurotic movement away from people (isolation)

Moving against others (Cant control aggression)

42
Q

Gordon Allport

A

Trait Theory

Allport Vernon Lindsey Study of Values (Early career inventory)

“Functional Autonomy of Motives”

43
Q

Murray

A

Biological needs determine everything else

Author of Thematic Apperception Test

Added traits to Frueds needs
Claustraliorial
Urethral

44
Q

Thematic Apperception Test

A

Allows access to unconscious thinking; discover continuing themes

45
Q

Harry Sullivan

A

Personality is the sum total of your relationships w. others.

Exist as a social mechanism; can only be changed by others

46
Q

Humanistic Psych

A

Psychoanalysis & Behaviorism two main forces

Positive side of people

Total person
States of awareness
Self- Actualization

47
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Grandfather of Humanistic Psych

Hierarchy of Needs

48
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Physiological needs

Safety & Security needs

Love & Belongingness

Building Self-Esteem

Self-Actualization

49
Q

Zeitgeist of the 1960s

A 
Protests
    (Civil rights, Vietnam)
Drugs - Increasing states of awareness
Rock n Roll - Deviating from conformity
Anti-materialistic
50
Q

What did Humanistic Psych leave behind?

A

Broadened interest in Psych (self-awareness)

Healthy, conscious, normal people

51
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Non-Directive Psychotherapy

Change in relationship b/w patients & relationships

Goal is for patient to develop insight

52
Q

Non-directive psychotherapy

A

Constant reflection & support

Client in charge of change

53
Q

Rogers theory of personality

A

Caregivers must provide unconditional positive regard, but most children receive conditional positive regard

54
Q

Cognitive psych

A

Study of behavior & mental processes

George Muller & Ulrich Neisser

History Psych (1 decks)

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