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Final Flashcards

1
Q

Definition (Denotation) or Entailment

A

one thing entails another, if something says a, then b must also be the case. I.E. If I tell you that something is a horse, that entails that it is an animal

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2
Q

Association (connotation)

A

 when we hear “criminal”, definition says that it is anyone that breaks the law (speeding ticket), but connotation says that a criminal is someone who has done extremely bad things

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3
Q

Meaning as Lexical Relationship

A

characterizing a word in terms of its relation to other words rather than its own components or features

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4
Q

synonymy

A

2 words with similar features

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5
Q

Antonymy

A

2 words with opposite meanings

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6
Q

Gradable

A

lots of intermediary points to measure when something is more of something along scale between opposites- ex: short and tall- most are adjectives, some are verbs. Big and small can be bigger and smaller.

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7
Q

Non-gradable

A

alive and dead. You cant get any more dead or alive. one or the other

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8
Q

Relational opposites

A

teacher and student, leasee and renter

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9
Q

Homophony

A

pale and pail, bare and bear

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10
Q

Homonymy

A

different and unrelated meanings, bank and bank, pupil and pupil or bear and bear

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11
Q

polysemy

A

different meanings are related. Run- a person and water.

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12
Q

hyponomy

A

subordinate type of something. Robin is a sub category of bird

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13
Q

scripts

A

talking about the tickets I got this week because its general conference

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14
Q

Metaphors

A

concrete item to understand abstract idea. she had a cow, flipped her lid, nurish seed of faith, hold to the rod

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15
Q

Symantic Collocation

A

certain words just cluster together. prophet seer and revelator, he was blown to smitherings

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16
Q

marked communication

A

shout, yell, whisper

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17
Q

Pragmatics

A

consideration of meaning with in its full context

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18
Q

Deixis

A

time, place and person critical to understanding
pronouns (i, me, you, he, she, they)
demonstratives(this, that, these, those)
time expressions(now, then, a few days ago)
place expressions(there, here, left and right, come bring go and take)

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19
Q

Presuppositions

A

assumptions made to those we speak or write to

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20
Q

Triggers of presuppositions

A

wh questions and how

Factive verbs: know, realize,comprehend,be aware that, blanks fault that…

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21
Q

Iteratives

A

again, still, another, something else, too, either

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22
Q

Change state of Predicate

A

have you STOPPED cheating in class?
continue
keep

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23
Q

Temporal Clauses

A

AFTER she came to the party
BEFORE you finish
WHEN you buy my house

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24
Q

Possesive Pronouns

A

Her house is ugly

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25
Comparatives
he is MORE angry now than last night
26
Counter Factual Constructions
If i were you, I would....but i am not haha
27
marked expression
Tell me, how did you LOVE my movie last night?
28
marked expression
Tell me, how did you LOVE my movie last night?
29
marked expression
Tell me, how did you LOVE my movie last night?
30
Direct Speech Act
has a form that matches the function that we would expect
31
Indirect
Hand me my i phone so i can listen to my music(it is loud so shut up)
32
Implicature
Mary had a baby and got married. Still true even if you switch the order
33
Implicature
Mary had a baby and got married. Still true even if you switch the order
34
Cooperative Principle
If hearer is mad, they will not talk back to you normally
35
Gricean Maxims
bonafide communication(good faith)
36
Quantity
informative as necessary, no more, no less. Does your dog bite?
37
Qualtiy
dont lie
38
relation
oh by the way, the professor has a nice garden
39
manner
clear, breif and to the point:tell directions in order
40
only violate maxims when
speaker clearly signals violation | hearer can be expected to figure out intended meaning
41
Framing
Interpret based on what you are seeing
42
Relationship and Role of speaker
police officer asks for a woman in a red coat
43
Norm of Civil Inattention
elevator | Can be violated if: wedding dress, red head similarity or baby/pet
44
Values of Society
``` Egalitarian society-dont brag or tell people what to do Dont ask for things Dont join into conversations Dont cause others to lose face in public Agreeable and not fight ```
45
Mechanics of Conversation
Turn Taking Utterance Pairs( Ilove you) Conversations Repairs-JK Opening and Closing Strategies
46
Mechanics of Conversation
Turn Taking Utterance Pairs( Ilove you) Conversations Repairs-JK Opening and Closing Strategies
47
Common Nouns
count-many and fewer(dog, pencil | Non-count:much and less(furniture
48
Lexical Ambiguity
he saw the bat
49
sturctural ambiguity
old men and women(old men and old women or just old men and not old women)
50
Why Linguistic Trees
Linear order of words Show grouping of words into structural constituants See syntactic category of each structural constituant
51
Why Linguistic Trees
Linear order of words Show grouping of words into structural constituants See syntactic category of each structural constituant
52
Idiolects
own personal dialect mad up of vocabulary, pauses and structure
53
Regional Dialects
caused by mountains, rivers etc
54
NORM
non mobile, older, rural and males
55
Isoglass
boundary between 1 dialect change
56
Dialectal Boundary
a bunch of isoglass occur same space
57
Social Dialect
Education, Job, Age, Gender, Ethinc Background, Religion, Politics
58
Social Dialect
Education, Job, Age, Gender, Ethinc Background, Religion, Politics
59
Pidgens
small vocab, lack of tense, alck of native speakers
60
Creols
native speakers, more complexity
61
Code Switching
switch between dialects:missionaries
62
modal verbs
can, could, would, should, shall, may, must, might, will
63
BE verbs
is, am, are, was, were
64
HAVE verbs
have, has, had
65
DO verbs
do, does, did

Linguistics (8 decks)

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