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Final Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following is NOT among the features of a chronic disease?
A. it develops slowly
B. It lasts a long time
C. It produces sharp pains
D. It progresses gradually
A

It produces sharp pains

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2
Q 
Which of the following is an organic compound?
A. Salt
B. Water
C. Calcium
D. Vitamin C
A

Vitamin C

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3
Q

Among the following, which is the major weakness of a laboratroy-based study?
A. the costs are usually high
B. it is difficult to replicate the findings
C. the results cannot be applied directly to human beings
D. Experimental variables cannot be easily controlled

A

The results cannot be applied directly to human beings

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4
Q

An increase in exercise accompanied by a decrease in body weight is an example of a?

a. variable effect
b. positive correlation
c. negative correlation
d. randomization effect

A

negative correlation

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5
Q

Which of the following is a feature of the exchange list system?

a. foods are grouped according to their source
b. adequate intakes of minerals and vitamins are virtually guaranteed
c. a fat portion provides about twice the energy as a carbohydrate portion
d. All foods are grouped according together content of carbohydrates, protein, and fat

A

all foods are grouped according to their content of carbohydrate, protein, and fat

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6
Q 
Which of the following product labels always denotes a whole-grain product?
A. multi-grain
B. 100% whole wheat
C. whole-wheat
D. Stone-ground
A

100% whole wheat

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7
Q 
A meal is made up of 2 starches, 1 fruit, 1 lean dairy, 2 fats and high fat meat.  How many grams of fat does it contain?
A. 5 g
B. 10g
C. 18g
D. 28g
A

18g

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8
Q

Identify the percent of Calories from fat in question above?

A

32%

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9
Q 
/Which of the following define the diet of a lactovegetarian
A. Plant foods only
B. eggs and plant foods only
C. meat, eggs, and plant foods only
D. milk products and plant foods only
A

Milk products and plant foods only

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10
Q

The food flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate is believed by some scientist to promote a unique taste sensation known as?

A

umami

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11
Q

which of the following is a characteristic of the appendix?

a. it ferments fiber
b. it stores lymph cells
c. it slows down peristalsis
d. it stores preformed stools

A

it stores lymph cells

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12
Q 
What structure separates the colon from the small intestine?
A. pylorus
B. Ileocecal valve (sphincter)
C. gastric retainer
D. rectal sphincter
A

Ilececeal valve

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13
Q 
The lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the?
A. reflux restrainer
B. cardiac sphincter
C. perihepatic control valve
D. reverse peristalsis inhibitor
A

reflux restrainer

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14
Q

What types of enzymes are responsible for hydrolyzing the proteins in foods?

A

Proteases

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15
Q 
Which of the follwing is NOT a sphincter muslce?
A. anus
B. cariac
C. deodenum
D. Ilececal valve
A

Duodenum

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16
Q

After swallowing, in what order does food pass through the regions of the GI tract?

A

Stomach, Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon

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17
Q

What is a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
A. denatures protein
B. Activates pepsin
C. kills many potentially pathogenic bacteria
D. Enhances absorption of iron
E. all of above

A

All of the above

18
Q

Which of the following is NOT produced from colonic fermentation of certain fibers?

a. gas
b. water
c. secretion
d. small fat fragments

19
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells?
A. diffusion
B. Transmigration
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion
A

Transmigration

20
Q

Which of the following body organs does NOT secrete digestive enzymes?

a. liver
b. stomach
c. pancreas
d. salivary glands

21
Q

the purpose of a bicarbonate in the digestive process is to?

a. raise the pH of chyme in the duodenum
b. lower the pH of chyme in the duodenum
c. hydrolyze large peptides
d. provide a little fizz in your life

A

raise the pH of chyme in the duodenum

22
Q

Which of the following are found on the microvilli and function to break apart small nutrients into the final products of digestion?

a. mucus
b. micelles
c. enzymes
d. hormones

23
Q

Which of the following is Not an effective therapy for constipation?

a. increasing water intake
b. decreasing fiber intake
c. increasing physical activity
d. responding promptly to the defecation signal

A

decreasing fiber intake

24
Q

Which of the following is NOT among the functions of cholecystokinin?

a. triggering release of bile
b. slowing GI tract motility
c. Triggering release of gastrin
d. triggering release of pancreatic fluid

A

triggering release of gastrin

25
Which of the following is a feature of irritable bowel syndrome? a. abdominal discomfort is usually mild b. effective treatment includes peppermint oil c. comstipation rather than diarrhea is the major adverse effect d. a combination of stress plus certain foods appears to trigger an attack
a combination of stress plus certain foods appears to trigger an attack
26
Which of the following regulates the pH of the stomach? a. Gastrin b. Insulin c. secretin d. Cholecystokinin
Gastrin
27
What is a primary role of the normal, thriving intestinal bacterial population? a. Helps degrade meat and dairy proteins b. helps prevent infectious bacteria from attacking the system c. synthesizes several amino acids, which can be absorbed into the body
helps prevent infectious bacteria from attacking the system
28
Which of the following is a feature of the lymphatic system? a. it carries fats away from the intestines b. it contains a fluid with a composition similar to pancreatic fluid c. it circulates via a one-way pump at the junction to the sublavian beins
it carries fats away from the intestines
29
which of the following is a prominent feature of the expulsion of gas from the anus? a. it is normal b. it can usually be reduced by increasing fiber intake c. it is usually worsened by consuming foods rich in fats d. the gas expelled is composed mostly of sulfur dioxide
it is normal
30
``` the organism H. pylori has been identified as one of the major cuases of? hiccups b. hemorrhoids c. divertculosis d. gastric ulcers ```
gastric ulcers
31
an essential nutrient is one that cannot be a. found in food b. degraded by the body c. made in sufficient quantities by the body d. used to synthesize other compounds in the body
made in sufficient quantities by the body
32
which of the following nutrients dows not yield energy during its metabolism? a. fat b. proteins c. vitamins d. carbohydrates
vitamins
33
Which of the following would most likely lead to a primary nutrient deficiency? a. inadequate nutrient intake b. Reduced nutrient absorption c. increased nutrient excretion d. increased nutrient destruction
inadequate nutrient intake
34
What two major nutrients are supplied by the fruit and vegetable group? a. Vitamins D and E b. Vitamins A and C c. protein and calcium d. B vitamins and iorn
Vitamins A and C
35
Which of the following foods could help meet the iron needs of vegetarians who consume dairy? a. coconut b. legumes c. skim milk d. potato salad
legumes
36
all of the following features are shared by the RDA and the AI EXCEPT? a. both are included in the DRI b. both serve as nutrient intake goals for individuals c. neither covers 100% of the populations nutrient needs d. Both the AI and RDA lack research on all the age/gender groups
Both the AI and RDA lack research on all the age/gender groups
37
how are the RDA for almost all vitamin and mineral intakes set? a. low, to reduce the risk of toxicity b. high, to cover virtually all healthy individuals c. extremely high, to cover every single person d. at the mean, to cover most healthy individuals.
high, to cover virtually all healthy individuals
38
when consumed in excess, which f the following is most likely to lead to diarrhea? a. fiber b. sucrose c. wheat starch d. sugar alcohols
sugar alcohols
39
what is the primary function of glucagon? a. raises blood glucose levels b. lowers blood glucose levels d. stimulates glycogen synthesis
raises blood glucose levels
40
which of the following is known indicator of pre-diabetes for type 2? a. insulin resistance b. sever hunger 4-5 hours after a meal c. carbohydrate intake as a percentage of total kcal d. more than two episodes/week of hypoglycemia
insulin resistance

health and nutrition (3 decks)

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