Final Flashcards

Question

Da capo aria

Answer 1

An aria in ABA form, i.e., one in which the A section is sung da capo at the end v

Answer 2

Brahms * classical form * definition of concerto has not changed since Vivaldi: * 3 mvmts * virtuosity * _3rd mvmt_ ⇒ rondo, A B A' C B A'' cad₁ cad₂ coda * Theme A = a a b' a traditional form, quicker and quicker repetitions (seems to contradict meter ⇒ very Brahms) * Ep B = upward scale_solo, downward scale_orch * Ep C = ¾ time * coda = 6/8 time, swinging march tempo * transitions in mvmt = rapid virtuoso scales

Answer 3

Mahler * march and trio form (like Classical minuet and trio) * irony - sentimentality, nostalgia * tension * high art (fugue) × pop/children's tune * use canon or chase (strict imitation) * hyper-Romanticism * excessive emotionalism * between major and minor * _Section 1_: distortions/alterations of Frere Jacques * minor mode @slow tempo * _Section 2_: distorted, fragmentary dance-music phrases alternate with fragments of funeral march * _Section 3_: "trio," in warm major mode w/triplet harp accomp. * melody by strings, then oboe and solo violins * _Section 4_: combines 1 and 2, in a diff key, new counterpoint in trumpets

Answer 4

Debussy * Impressionism? * start = quiet chords by clarinet & bassoons * chords aren't definitive; they don't lead anywhere * motive in English horn ⇒ vague rhythm and fading conclusion * parallel chords ⇒ very Debussy * chords all share rich, complex structure * pitches slip downwards, moving parallel w/o est. a clear tonality * approx A B A' form; very fluid * Romanticism * descriptive title * ref. Nocturne * Anti-Romanticism * melody * harmony * rhythm & meter * orchestration * form

Answer 5

Stravinsky * _Introduction_: puts bassoon in uncomfortable range (tbt to Mahler) * dissonant polyphony * like a static series of preliminary fanfares * _Omens of Spring - Dance of the Adolescents_: rhythmic irregularity * very dissonant chord repeated until the end of time * heavy accents reinforced by French horns; upset ordinary meter * ostinato ⇒ repeating chords overlaid w/new motives * motives repeated w/slightly diff rhythms and lengths * music interrupts itself * polyrhythm * ostinato

Answer 6

Schoenberg * sprechstimme ⇒ Schoenberg's invention, sound isnt fully organized into pitches; not exactly singing or speaking * expressionism * song cycle - singer, unusual --\> ensemble * text ⇒ Giroud, symbolist * tension, nervousness * insanity * lunacy * maximized dissonance * _"Night"_: passacaglia; dominated by 3 note chromatic ostinato * nightmarish aspect of expressionism * _"Moonfleck"_: dense, dissonant, atonal, intense motivic insistence * high pitched motives depict flickering moonlight

Answer 7

Berg * play - Büchner * expressionist opera * uses leitmotives, contains no arias * master rhythm ⇒ single short rhythm, repeated over and over with slight modifications, but presented in *many diff tempos* * gives sense of nightmare and fixation * dissonant, atonal

Answer 8

Ives * false starts * dance fragment first in strings, then woodwinds, gets more dissonant and atonal * passage of forceful, irregular rhythms * @climax = homophony and irregular pounding rhythms ala Rite * new section = fragmentary march in trombones

Answer 9

Bartok * mvmt 2 = sonata form * Magyar folk melodies → Hungarian * modern harmony (atonality) * dissonance, but controlled dissonance

Answer 10

Copland * original ballet → Martha Graham Dance co * neoclassical elements: theme & variation form * controlled dissonance * other traditional signifiers → program music

Answer 11

classic period form control of dissonance emphasis on imitation, sequence, classical structure backwards & forwards-looking a response to fascism?

Answer 12

Prokofiev * help shape the emotional resonse to film * episodic *

Answer 13

Ligeti * dissonance, continuous, tone cluster * virtuosity → written music, vocal productions * acapella choir * setting of hymn from Requiem Mass * no liturgical function * antiphon * uses long music for words - like Perotin in stretching the syllables

Answer 14

Varese * history of electronic music * music concrete - recorded sounds, processed * newly created sounds * designed for Phillips Pavilion * context no longer exists

Answer 15

Reich * minimalism * rhythm → ostinato (recurring pattern) * pulse * **_percussion → think, mallets & bassoon_** * rediscovery of tonal harmony * repetition & slight variation * phase shift

Answer 16

Saariaho virtuosity new vocal techniques reminds us of madrigalism Middle Ages - motet

Answer 17

Adams syncopation, rhythmic

Answer 18

simple melodies and harmonies repeated many times

Answer 19

sound complexes → slowly change with time, blocks of sound that has so many pitches all sense of consonance and dissonance are lost

Answer 20

at one point, moved away from modernist extremes and towards clear tonality and use of Russian folk themes use of scherzo as sharp satirical style

Answer 21

pomoted American music drew on American folk music

Answer 22

heavy commitment to folk music, more successful in integrating folk music into classical music than any other composer

Final Flashcards

(46 cards)