Final

Question 1

Basic unit of muscle

Answer 1

sarcomere

Question 2

Each muscle fiber contains several hundred to thousands ________

Answer 2

myofibrils

Question 3

Sequence of muscle bands in a sarcomere

Answer 3

Z, I, A, H, M, A, I, Z

Question 4

Thin muscle filaments

Answer 4

actin

Question 5

Thick muscle filaments

Answer 5

myosin

Question 6

Two thirds of all skeletal muscle is ________

Answer 6

myosin

Question 7

Whatis it called when the myosin cross bridges are activated, bind with actin, resulting in a conformational charge in the cross bridge, which causes the myosin head to tilt and to drag the thin filament towards the center of the sarcomere?

Answer 7

Sliding filament theory

Question 8

substrate for glycolysis

Answer 8

glucose

Question 9

substrate for kreb’s cycle

Answer 9

Acetyl- CoA

Question 10

This diagram details out the delivery of oxygen based on PaO2

Answer 10

oxygenhemoglobin curve

Question 11

If EDV increases, then ______ __________ should also increase

Answer 11

Stroke volume

Question 12

VO2= Q*a-vo2difference

What equation?

Answer 12

Fick equation

Question 13

Primary source of heat loss during exercise

Answer 13

Evaporation

Question 14

Non steroid hormones are not _________ ________

Answer 14

Lipid soluble

Question 15

How many ATP ate net from glycolysis?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

Name of pressure volume diagram that explains how the heart valves open and close to deliver blood.

Answer 16

Wigger diagram

Question 17

involuntary muscle contractions experienced when exposed to the cold

Answer 17

shivering

Question 18

the process of breakdown a fatty acid and making acetyl coa

Answer 18

Beta oxidation

Question 19

cessation of sweating is a symptom of ________ ______

Answer 19

Heat stroke

Question 20

a 400m run primarily uses __________ to generate ATP

Answer 20

Glycolysis

Question 21

Muscular ___________ is the ability to produce force over a series of contractions at a submaximal load.

Answer 21

Endurance

Question 22

training in a manner that mimics your sport or actions completed at work

Answer 22

Specificity

Question 23

steroid hormones are derived from

Answer 23

Cholesterol

Question 24

The F in FITT stands for

Answer 24

Frequency

Question 25

these are located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies

Answer 25

Baroreceptors

Question 26

altitude sickness that occurs >4300m, symptoms include confusion, lethary, ataxia, and even death.

Answer 26

HACE

Question 27

condition where core temp

Answer 27

Hypothermia

Question 28

condition where you should not rewarm the tissue until there is no further risk of freezing

Answer 28

Frostbite

Question 29

This principle refers to the atrophy associated with ceasing workouts and becoming sedentary

Answer 29

Reversibility

Question 30

training aerobically will lead to ________ size and number of mitochondria

Answer 30

Increased

Question 31

When a novice begins lifting, the first gains in strength come from _____________ adaptations

Answer 31

Neural

Question 32

altitude sickness likely caused by clot formation in pulmonary circulation

Answer 32

HAPE

Question 33

ADH and ____________ are key hormones involved in preventing dehydration

Answer 33

Aldosterone

Question 34

long term exposure to altitude causes the relaese of ____ which increase formation of red blood cells

Answer 34

EPO

Question 35

the ____________ nervous system keeps resting heart rate low

Answer 35

Parasympathetic

Question 36

at altitude kidneys excrete more ___________

Answer 36

Bicarbonate

Question 37

Training __________ will lead to hypertrophy of type II fibers

Answer 37

Anaerobically

Question 38

If I break down my season into macro and meso cycles in order to peak at the right time, I am practicing ___________

Answer 38

Periodization

Question 39

this concept states that you must challenge the body in order to continue to see improvements in performance

Answer 39

Overload

Question 40

PFK is the _______ __________ enzyme of glycolysis

Answer 40

Rate limiting

Question 41

After 6-8 weeks of lifting ___________ become the major factor contributing to strength gains.

Answer 41

Hypertrophy

Question 42

Kreb's cycle takes place here

Answer 42

Mitochondria

Question 43

training aerobically will lead to increased ____________ involved in aerobic metabolism

Answer 43

enzymes

Question 44

a decrease in __________ would allow the arotic valve to stay open longer and lead to increased stroke volume

Answer 44

Afterload

Question 45

_________ altitude sickeness occurs 6-48 hours upon arrival to altitude. symptoms include headache, nausea, dyspnea

Answer 45

Acute

Question 46

Muscular __________ is the ability to generate maximal force 1 time

Answer 46

Strength

Question 47

The lactate threshold and the ventilatory threshold occur at approximately the ______ time

Answer 47

same

Question 48

At altitude, one of the first physiologic responses is _______

Answer 48

Hyperventilation

Question 49

example of a non-steroidal hormone involved in glucose regulation

Answer 49

Insulin

Question 50

The 100m sprint is primarily using the ______ energy system

Answer 50

ATP-PC

Question 51

the __________ nervous system activation stimulates an increase in HR and BP

Answer 51

Sympathetic

Question 52

how many ATP you get from FULLY oxidizing a molecule of glucose?

Answer 52

36

Question 53

glycolysis takes place here

Answer 53

Cytosol

Question 54

released from sarcoplasmic reticulum as a result of a successful action potential

Answer 54

Calcium

Question 55

The P wave represents _______ depolarization

Answer 55

Atrial

Question 56

Training aerobically increases size of ____ _______

Answer 56

Type I Fibers

Question 57

Increasing _____ depends on adaptations in maximal stroke volume and maximal (a-v)O2 difference?

Answer 57

VO2 max

Question 58

Increased capillarization, oxidative enzymes, and myoglobin content occurs when training _________

Answer 58

aerobically

Question 59

RER decreases at submaximal activities when training ___________

Answer 59

aerobically

Question 60

A low RER relies more on ______. | A high RER relies more on _________

Answer 60

Fats | Carbs

Question 61

_______ gain can occur without hypertrophy

Answer 61

Strength

Question 62

Transient muscle ________ is the temporary enlargement of muscle resulting from edema right after exercise.

Answer 62

hypertrophy

Question 63

Normal intrinsic inhibitory mechanism

Answer 63

Golgi Tendon organs

Question 64

Protein synthesis increases after or before exercise?

Answer 64

After

Question 65

At rest _______ and _______ are the primary methods for eliminating the body's excess heat.

Answer 65

radiation and convection

Question 66

Sea level is less than _____m Altitude is equal or greater than ____ High Altitude is between ______ and ________

Answer 66

500m 1,500m 3,000-5,500m

Question 67

At altitude exposure: pulmonary diffussion is ________. Oxyhemoglobin curve shifts ______ Gas exchange ________ at muscles

Answer 67

Not limited left decreases

Question 68

Short term at altitude: plasma volume and hematocrit ______ in a few hours. Urine production also _______.

Answer 68

Increases | increases

Question 69

Long term at altitude: | red blood cell count and hematocrit _______

Answer 69

Increases

Question 70

At altitude exposure: | cardiac output and SNS activity _______ at rest and submax for short term adaptation..

Answer 70

Increases

Question 71

A altitude exposure: | Qmax and VO2 max ________

Answer 71

Decreases

Question 72

At altitude exposure: dehydration occurs ______. appetite _________. metabolism ________.

Answer 72

faster decreases increases

Question 73

Live high training low: | permits passive ________ to altitude.

Answer 73

acclimation

Question 74

PCr catalyzed by ___________

Answer 74

creatine kinase

Question 75

ATP-PC yields ___mol ATP

Answer 75

1

Question 76

End products of glycolysis are ____ and _______

Answer 76

pyruvate and lactate | 2 NADH

Question 77

Krebs cycle makes: ___ NADH ___ FADH ___ ATP

Answer 77

6 2 2

Question 78

1 glocogen = ___ ATP

Answer 78

37

Question 79

What equation? | =VCO2/VO2

Answer 79

RER