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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Damage to one MLF

A

Inability to use ipsilateral medial rectus during conjugate gaze

Not during convergence

Called internuclear opthalmoplegia

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2
Q

Damage to rostral interstitial nucleus of MLF

A

Unilateral - other side compensates

Bilateral - loss of vertical saccades

Pineal tumor may cause inability to look up

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3
Q

Damage to frontal or parietal eye field

A

Reduced ability to produce contralateral saccades

Other side will compensate

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4
Q

Damage to abducens nucleus

A

Neither eye can rotate toward side of damage

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5
Q

smooth pursuit

A

in cortical damage smooth pursuit in both directions is impaired. greater in the direction ipsilateral to the damage

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6
Q

damage to the oculomotor vermis

A

dysmetric saccades

eyes repeatedly not landing on intended target

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7
Q

damage to flocculonodular lobe

A

slowing of pursuit movements

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8
Q

damage to flocculus

A

impairment of smooth pursuit movements

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9
Q

damage to flocculunodular lobe AND oculomotor vermis

A

loss of smooth pursuit movements

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10
Q

A 36-yo tennis player comes to you complaining of the sudden onset of difficulty reading the sports pages, because he cannot make his eyes move from L to R. You confirm that he cannot seem to look to his R on command, but notice that his eyes can move to the R when you move your finger across his visual field. Where is the most likely site of damage, accounting for his loss of voluntary eye movement?

A

L frontal eye field

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11
Q

A 60-yo woman presents with difficulty looking upward. An MRI is ordered and reveals a tumor. Which structure associated with vertical saccades is most likely being compressed?

A

Rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus

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12
Q

thalamococortical fibers

A

to cortex

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13
Q

projection fibers

A

cortex to subcortical structures

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14
Q

callosal fibers

A

cortex to cortex in opposite hemisphere

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15
Q

association fibers

A

cortex to cortex in same hemisphere

ie. uncinate fasciculus and cingulum

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16
Q

pyramidal cells

A

projection neurons

excititory (glu asp)

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17
Q

stellate or granule cells

A

local circuits

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18
Q

layer 2-3

A

other parts of cortex

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19
Q

layer 4**

A

from thalmus

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20
Q

layer 5

A

to subcortical (not thalamus)

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21
Q

layer 6

A

to thalamus

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22
Q

layer 1

A

dendrites and axons

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23
Q

cytoarcitexture motor

A

agranular 3 and 5 dominate

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24
Q

cytoarcitexture sensory

A

granular 2 and 4 dominate

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25
cytoarcitexture association
intermedite types
26
thalamus general
gateway to the cortex all but smell regulates awareness of pain regulates affective component of behavior
27
reticular nucleus of the thalamus
shell of GABA neurons attention and focus inhibits thalamic nuclei
28
posterior association area
junction of pariatal occipital and temporal lobes (usually on non-dominant side (R)) spatial analysis contralateral hemineglect
29
Broca's
inferior frontal lobe execution of speech expressive aphasia agramatical
30
Wernikie's
around superior temporal lobe recognizing speech receptive aphasia neologisim; lack of comprehension; fluent nonsense
31
aphasia
inability to use language
32
anomia
word finding difficulty
33
paraphasia
using incorrect words
34
circulocuation
substitute a missing word with a gesture
35
nelogisim
a type of paraphasia
36
arcuate fasiculus
connects broca and weirnike
37
conduction aphasia
good comprehension poor repetition defective production using words that sound the same (phonemic pariahsias)
38
apraxia
inability to complete complex motor tasks
39
agnosias
dysfunction of higher level sensory | usually unimodal
40
prefrontal cortex
silent cortex controls inner thoughts decisions predict and organize actions
41
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
working memory | paying attention
42
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
emotional expression | social context
43
dyexecutive syndrome
``` prefrontal damage disinhibited emotional imparments difficulty planning memory deficit etc. ```
44
anterograde amnesia
damage to both fornix and diagonal band
45
central nucleus of the amygdala
fear
46
bed nucleus
generalized anxiety
47
kluvver-bucy
bilateral fronto temporal lobectomy... no amygdala flat affect unable to rcognize fear in others
48
interneurons of the hippocampus
GABA | seizures
49
working memory requires
pre frontal cortex
50
No hippocampus
no long term memory
51
Papez circuit
``` entorhinal cortex - perforate path hippocampal formation - fornix mammillary bodies - mammilothalmic tract anterior thalmic nucleus -- cingulate gyrus -- parahippocampal gyrus -- entorhinal cortex ```
52
information flow within hippocampus
entorhinal cortex - dentate gyrus - hippocamppal pyrimidal cells (CA3-CA1) - subiculum
53
central pattern generator
paramedian pontine retcular formation; PPRF
54
vergence movements
efferent through superior colliculus
55
putamen
motor functions
56
caudate
cognitive aspects of movement
57
direct
disinhibition | increased cortical stimulation
58
indirect
inhibition | decreased cortical stimulation
59
DOPA
GPi is diminished so increased cortical stimulation
60
huntington's
caudate decreased GABA in Neostriatum - (indirect) - increased cortical stimulation chorea movements
61
parkinson's
decreased DOPA to neostriatum | rigid slow movements
62
hemiballism
violent movements on contralateral side lesion of subthalmic nucleus increased cortical stimulation
63
tardive dyskinesia
too much haldol (DOPA inhibitor) no more GABA involuntary movements of the tongue and face.
64
TOURETTE SYNDROME
caudate nucleus problems
65
horizontal saccades
Paramedian pontine reticular formation

Neuroanatomy (2 decks)

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