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CHEMISTRY FINAL 2 > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Diatomic element

A

The big 7

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2
Q

Simple cation

A

Single element/atom with positive charge

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3
Q

Compound

A

Group of elements

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4
Q

Poly atomic ion

A

The ions of the top of the pt

Charged group of elements

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5
Q

Multivalent ion

A

Atom with more than one charge

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6
Q

Element

A

The stuff on the periodic table

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7
Q

Families and group on pt

A

Have similar chemical properties

Are the vertical rows

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8
Q

Elements in rows/periods

A

Have respecting chemicals properties

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9
Q

What are the 5 ways to identify a chemical change

A
  1. Spontaneous change in temp
  2. Odor
  3. Formation of a gas
  4. Change in color
  5. Light
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10
Q

Precipitate

A

Solid that forms in a liquid solution

Insoluble

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11
Q

Isotopes

A

Different forms of the same element that differs by atomic mass and number of neutrons

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12
Q

What are the 7 diatomic gases

A 
H
N
O 
F
Cl
Br 
I
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13
Q

When HCL ionizes in water what ions are produced

A

H(+)

CL(+)

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14
Q

Properties of an acid

A 
Sour 
Turns litmus paper red 
Dissolves metals 
0-7 ph 
Colors in phenolphthalein
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15
Q

Properties of a base

A 
Bitter 
Slippery 
Turns litmus paper blue 
7-14 ph 
Pink in phenolphthalein 
Dissolves protiens and fats
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16
Q

Acid + metal =

A

Salt
H2
Is a single replacement reaction

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17
Q

Acid + base

A

Water
Salt
Double replacement reaction

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18
Q

Acid gives off —– ions in water

A

Hydrogen

H(+) or H3O(+)

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19
Q

Bases give off —– ions in water

A

Hydroxide

OH(-)

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20
Q

Ph of weak acid

A

6ish

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21
Q

Ph strong acid

A

1ish

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22
Q

Ph weak base

A

8ish

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23
Q

Ph strong base

A

14ish

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24
Q

Sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH

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25
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
26
Carbonic acid
H2CO3
27
Acetic acid
C2H4O2
28
Calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
29
Nitric acid
HNO3
30
Phosphoric acid
H3PO4
31
Hydrologic acid
HCL
32
Charles law
Gases expand when heated When has is held at a constant pressure, the volume is proportional to the temperature Temp increase=volume increase Direct proportion
33
Boules law
Volume increase = pressure decrease Inverse relationship The volume of a gas is in really proportional to the pressure at a constant temperature
34
List four units of pressure
Torr Psi mmHg atm
35
To convert Celsius into kelvin you.....
K= 273 + Celsius
36
Define pressure as it relates to gas
The force the gas exerts on the wall of it's container
37
Absolute zero
Lowest possible temperature All matter/atoms stop moving 0k 273C
38
What is relationship between mass and speed of gas particle
Mass increase = decrease in particle speed
39
Gay-lussacs law
As temp increases= pressure increase when volume is constant
40
Diffusion
Spread of gas thru space and substances High concentration to low concentration Ex) perfume smell spreading thru room
41
Solution
Mixture of 2+ substances | Solvent + solute
42
Solvent
Liquid where something is dissolved Ex) the water in saltwater Does the dissolving
43
Solute
The substance that is dissolved in the solution Ex) the salt in saltwater Gets dissolved
44
Dilute
A small amount of the solute compared to the solvent
45
Concentrated
A large amount of solute compared to the solvent
46
Kinetic energy is the energy of
Motion
47
Potential energy is the energy of
Position
48
Enthalpy
Delta H Internal energy The energy system produced upon reaction at constant temperature
49
Entropy
2nd law of thermodynamics The amount of energy that escapes durning a reaction Disorder and chaos in system
50
Activation energy
The energy is takes to start a chemical reaction
51
Catalysts
Aren't used up in reaction | Speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy
52
1st law of thermodynamics
Energy can't be created or destroyed
53
2nd law of thermodynamics
No energy system is 100% efficient Systems seek max entropy Entropy
54
3 things to consider on the dangers of nuclear radiation
1) number of decays/second (half life) 2) type of radiation 3) mode of exposure~bio tissue harmed easily
55
Half life
Time it takes for a radioactive sample to decay by half
56
Alpha particle
Large size Shielded by cardboard Low penetrating power
57
Beta
Medium size Shielded by glass Medium penetrating power
58
Gamma
Small size Shielded by many inches of lease it many feet of concrete High penetrating power
59
Short half or long half more dangerous?
Shorter the half life = more unstable = more radioactive = more dangerous
60
Isotopes of hydrogen
Protium(H-1) Deuterium(H-2) Tritium(H-3)
61
Isotopes of uranium
U-235 Rare | U-238 Plenty
62
Where does radon gas come from
Decay product of U-238 and found in soil | Dangerous gas
63
How many years can radiocarbon dating date an artifact
40,000 years
64
What is used to start a fission reaction
Neutron
65
Ionizing radiation
Particle flying from radioactive atom has ability to collide with molecules and knock off it's electron
66
Geiger counter
Used to measure radiation
67
Decay/disintegration series
The series of radioactive decay that a substance goes through before becoming Loses particles and energies as it become stable
68
Simple anion
Single atom/element with a negative charge
69
Equlibruim
Two opposing processes occur at the same rate System will always shift to stay in equilibrium Add a chemical=shift to opposite direction Take away a chemical=shift towards that chemical
70
Reaction rate
Amount/time
71
Endothermic
Energy flows into system from surroundings PE increase Feels cold
72
Exothermic
Energy flows out Wam PE decrease
73
Enzyme
A catalyst in reaction rates of living organisms
74
5 things that increase the reaction rate
``` Temp increase Catalyst Increase concentration Increase pressure Increase surface area ```
75
Combustion reaction
Oxygen + hydrocarbon = CO2 + water

CHEMISTRY FINAL 2 (1 decks)

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